题目内容
In 1776 the United States announced the Declaration of Independence to____from the British Empire and became an independent country.
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passage onePeople have been painting pictures for at least 30,000 years.The earliest pictures were painted by people who huntedanimals. They used to paint pictures of the animals they wantedto catch and kill. Pictures of this kind have been found on thewalls of caves in France and Spain. No one knows why theywere painted there. Perhaps the painters thought that theirpictures would help them to catch these animals. Or perhapshuman beings have always wanted to tell stories in pictures. About 5,000 years ago, the Egyptians and other people in the Near East began to use pictures askind of writing. They drew simple pictures or signs to represent things and ideas, and also torepresent the sounds of their language. The signs these people used became a kind ofalphabet.The Egyptians used to record information and to tell stories by putting picture writingand pictures together. When an important person died, scenes and stories from his life werepainted and carved on the walls of the place where he was buried. Some of these pictures are likemodern comic strip stories. It has been said that Egypt is the home of the comic strip. But, for theEgyptians, pictures still had magic power. So they did not try to make their way of writing simple.The ordinary people could not understand it. By the year 1,000 BC, people who lived in the area around the Mediterranean Sea had developeda simpler system of writing. The signs they used were very easy to write, and there were fewer ofthem than in the Egyptian system. This was because each sign, or letter, represented only onesound in their language. The Greeks developed this system and formed the letters of the Greekalphabet. The Romans copied the idea, and the Roman alphabet is now used all over the world. These days, we can write down a story, or record information, without using pictures. But we stillneed pictures of all kinds: drawing, photographs, signs and diagrams. We find them everywhere:in books and newspapers, in the street, and on the walls of the places where we live and work.Pictures help us to understand and remember things more easily, and they can make a storymuch more interesting. Pictures of animals were painted on the walls of caves in France and Spain because ______.
passage threeOn January 10, 1962, an enormous piece of glacier broke awayand tumbled down the side of a mountain in Peru. A mereseven minutes later, when cascading ice finally came to a stopten miles down the mountain; it had taken the lives of 4,000people. This disaster is one of the most “devastating”examples of a verycommon event: an avalanche of snow or ice. Because it isextremely cold at very high altitudes, snow rarely melts. It justkeeps piling up higher and higher. Glaciers are eventually created when the weight of the snow isso great that the lower layers are pressed into solid ice. But most avalanches occur long beforethis happens. As snow accumulates on a steep slope, it reaches a critical point at which theslightest vibration will send it sliding into the valley below. Even an avalanche of light power can be dangerous, but the Peruvian catastrophe was particularlyterrible because it was caused by a heavy layer of ice. It is estimated that the ice that broke offweighed three million tons. As it crashed down the steep mountainside like a gigantic snowplough, it swept up trees, boulders and tons of topsoil, and completely crushed and destroyed thesix villages that lay in its path. At present there is no way to predict or avoid such enormous avalanches, but, luckily, they arevery rare. Scientists are constantly studying the smaller, more common avalanches, to try tounderstand what causes them. In the future, perhaps dangerous masses of snow and ice can befound and removed before they take human lives. The passage is mostly about ______.
In many businesses, computers have largely replaced paperwork, because they are fast, flexible, and do not make mistakes. As one banker said, “Unlike humans, computers never have a bad day." And they are honest. Many banks advertise that their transactions are “untouched by human hands" and therefore safe from human temptation. Obviously, computers have no reason to steal money. But they also have no conscience, and the growing number of computer crimes shows they can be used to steal. Computer criminals don’t use guns. And even if they are caught, it is hard to punish them because there are no witness and often no evidence. A computer cannot remember who used it: it simply does what it is told. The head teller at a New York bank used a computer to steal more than one and a half billion dollars in just four years. No one noticed this theft (盗窃) because he moved the money from one account to another. Each time a customer he had robbed questioned the balance in his account, the teller claimed a computer error, then replaced the missing money from someone else’s account. This man was caught only because he was a gambler. When the police broke up an illegal gambling operation, his name was in the records. Some employees use the computer’s power to get revenge (报复) on their employers they consider unfair. Recently, a large insurance company fired its computer-tape librarian for reasons that involved her personal rather than her professional life. She was given thirty days notice. In those thirty days, she erased all the firm’s computerized records. Most computer criminals have been minor employees. Now police wonder if this is “the tip of the iceberg." As one official says, “I have the feeling that there is more crime out there than we are catching. What we are seeing now is all so poorly done. I wonder what the real experts are doing — the ones who know how a computer works." What is the passage mainly about
passage threeOn January 10, 1962, an enormous piece of glacier broke awayand tumbled down the side of a mountain in Peru. A mereseven minutes later, when cascading ice finally came to a stopten miles down the mountain; it had taken the lives of 4,000people. This disaster is one of the most “devastating”examples of a verycommon event: an avalanche of snow or ice. Because it isextremely cold at very high altitudes, snow rarely melts. It justkeeps piling up higher and higher. Glaciers are eventually created when the weight of the snow isso great that the lower layers are pressed into solid ice. But most avalanches occur long beforethis happens. As snow accumulates on a steep slope, it reaches a critical point at which theslightest vibration will send it sliding into the valley below. Even an avalanche of light power can be dangerous, but the Peruvian catastrophe was particularlyterrible because it was caused by a heavy layer of ice. It is estimated that the ice that broke offweighed three million tons. As it crashed down the steep mountainside like a gigantic snowplough, it swept up trees, boulders and tons of topsoil, and completely crushed and destroyed thesix villages that lay in its path. At present there is no way to predict or avoid such enormous avalanches, but, luckily, they arevery rare. Scientists are constantly studying the smaller, more common avalanches, to try tounderstand what causes them. In the future, perhaps dangerous masses of snow and ice can befound and removed before they take human lives. In this passage "devastating" means ______.
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