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Text 4For about three centuries we have been doing science, trying science out, using science for the construction of what we call modern civilization. Every indispensable item of contemporary technology, from canal locks to dial telephone-to penicillin, was pieced together to form the analysis of data provided by one or another series of scientific experiments. Three hundred years seems a long time for testing a new approach to human inter-living, long enough to settle back for critical appraisal of the scientific method, maybe even long enough to vote on whether to go no with it or not. There is an argument.Voices have been raised in protest since the beginning, rising in pitch and violence in the nineteenth century during the early stages of the industrial revolutions, summoning urgent crowds into the streets any day on the issue of nuclear energy. Give it back, say some of the voices, it doesn’t really work, we’ve tried it and it doesn’t work, go back three hundred years and start again on something else less chancy for the race of man.The principal discoveries in this century, taking all in all, are the glimpses of the depth of our ignorance about nature. Things that used to seem clear and rational, matters of absolute certainty—Newtonian mechanics, for example—have slipped through our fingers, and we are left with a new set of gigantic puzzles, cosmic uncertainties, ambiguities. Some of the laws of physics are amended every few years, some are canceled outright, and some undergo revised versions of legislative intent as if they were acts of Congress.Just thirty year ago we call it a biological revolution when the fantastic geometry of the DNA molecule was exposed to public view and the linear language of genetics was decoded. For a while, things seemed simple and clear, the cell was a neat little machine, a mechanical device ready for taking to pieces and reassembling, like a tiny watch. But just in the last few years it has become almost unbelievably complex, filled with strange parts whose functions are beyond today’s imagining.It is not just that there is more to do; there is everything to do. What lies ahead, or what can lie ahead if the efforts in basic research are continued, is much more than the conquest of human disease or the improvement of agricultural technology of the cultivation of nutrients in the sea. As we learn more about fundamental processes of living things in general we will learn more about ourselves. Now scientists have found in the past few years （）.
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Part A Directions: You are going to take part in MBA exam. Write "A Letter of inquiry" to the dean of Management School to inquire about: 1．the subjects to be examed; 2．the number of students to be enrolled; 3．training program. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead. Do not write the address. A Letter of Inquiry __________
With 950 million people, India ranks second to China among the most populous countries. But since China (1) a family planning program in 1971, India has been dosing the (2) . Indians have reduced their birth rate but not nearly (3) the Chinese have. If current growth rates continue, India’s population will (4) China’s around the year 2028 (5) about 1.7 billion.Should that happen, it won’t be the (6) of the enlightened women of Kerala, a state in southern India. (7) India as a whole adds almost 20 million people a year, Kerala’s population is virtually (8) . The reason is no mystery: nearly two-thirds of Kerala women practice birth control, (9) about 40% in the entire nation.The difference (10) the emphasis put on health programs (11) birth control, by the state authorities, (12) in 1957 became India’s first elected Communist (13) . And an educational tradition and matrilineal customs in parts of Kerala help girls and boys get (14) good schooling. While one in three Indian women is (15) , 90% of those in Kerala can read and write. Higher literacy rates (16) family planning. "Unlike our parents, we know that we can do more for our children if we have (17) of them," says Laila Cherian, 33, who lives in the village of Kudamaloor. She has limited herself (18) three children-one below the national (19) of four. That kind of restraint will keep Kerala from putting added (20) on world food supplies. 17（）
Text 3In 1949, when the People’s Republic of China was founded, China had just 207 higher educational institutions, and only 117,000 students. Today it has 1032 institutes, 3,021,100 students, and 402,500 teachers. Despite such progress, reforming China’s higher education is currently an issue of widespread concern.Students in China’s middle schools learn how to achieve high test scores so they can attend colleges and universities. This learning continues throughout their college lives. The subject specialties at China’s higher educational institutions are divided carefully, with no cross - communication among the subjects. This has caused students’ knowledge to be restricted to their major subject.Even though students study hard in the classroom, achieve high test scores, and solve academic problems easily, they lack creativity and a working knowledge of other fields. Many suffer a lack of character because such humanistic topics as morality and ethics are omitted from their studies.In the hope of improving the moral awareness of its college graduates, China is reforming its higher educational system, adding more humanistic content to strengthen students’ individuality, humanitarianism and creativity. If successful, future Chinese college students will not only be experts in their fields, they also will have knowledge in a broad range of topics, respect the dignity and worth of all creatures, and care about the environment. The State Education Commission has finally decided to adjust college and university subject majors with the intent of increasing students’ exposure to the humanities. This will be an important reform in China’s higher education.Another serious problem is that courses and textbooks at China’s institutions of higher learning are out of date and do not report the latest academic and scientific achievements. In 1996, 221 reforms on college course content were approved for agriculture, the liberal arts, science and engineering, medical science, finance and law.The third problem is that the administration, management, enrollment and distribution systems at China’s educational institutions are holdovers from the planned economy, and were designed to support those economic conditions. As China transforms itself from a planned to a market economy, reform of these systems is needed urgently to support the demands of employers. In the past, China’s colleges and universities were managed by the State Education Commission and various Chinese ministries. This approach created a large number of single—field institutions. Since 1996, several reforms have been put in place, such as merging single—field institutions into comprehensive universities with broader subject majors, granting educational institutions more autonomy, allowing enterprises to help fund colleges and in return recruit graduates for work, transferring control to local administrations as a way to better serve local economic development.A more mature higher education system is now taking a shape as China approaches the 21st century. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage ？（）
Text 3In 1949, when the People’s Republic of China was founded, China had just 207 higher educational institutions, and only 117,000 students. Today it has 1032 institutes, 3,021,100 students, and 402,500 teachers. Despite such progress, reforming China’s higher education is currently an issue of widespread concern.Students in China’s middle schools learn how to achieve high test scores so they can attend colleges and universities. This learning continues throughout their college lives. The subject specialties at China’s higher educational institutions are divided carefully, with no cross - communication among the subjects. This has caused students’ knowledge to be restricted to their major subject.Even though students study hard in the classroom, achieve high test scores, and solve academic problems easily, they lack creativity and a working knowledge of other fields. Many suffer a lack of character because such humanistic topics as morality and ethics are omitted from their studies.In the hope of improving the moral awareness of its college graduates, China is reforming its higher educational system, adding more humanistic content to strengthen students’ individuality, humanitarianism and creativity. If successful, future Chinese college students will not only be experts in their fields, they also will have knowledge in a broad range of topics, respect the dignity and worth of all creatures, and care about the environment. The State Education Commission has finally decided to adjust college and university subject majors with the intent of increasing students’ exposure to the humanities. This will be an important reform in China’s higher education.Another serious problem is that courses and textbooks at China’s institutions of higher learning are out of date and do not report the latest academic and scientific achievements. In 1996, 221 reforms on college course content were approved for agriculture, the liberal arts, science and engineering, medical science, finance and law.The third problem is that the administration, management, enrollment and distribution systems at China’s educational institutions are holdovers from the planned economy, and were designed to support those economic conditions. As China transforms itself from a planned to a market economy, reform of these systems is needed urgently to support the demands of employers. In the past, China’s colleges and universities were managed by the State Education Commission and various Chinese ministries. This approach created a large number of single—field institutions. Since 1996, several reforms have been put in place, such as merging single—field institutions into comprehensive universities with broader subject majors, granting educational institutions more autonomy, allowing enterprises to help fund colleges and in return recruit graduates for work, transferring control to local administrations as a way to better serve local economic development.A more mature higher education system is now taking a shape as China approaches the 21st century. When the reforming of China’s higher education succeeds, what will happen ？（）
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