题目内容
With 950 million people, India ranks second to China among the most populous countries. But since China (1) a family planning program in 1971, India has been dosing the (2) . Indians have reduced their birth rate but not nearly (3) the Chinese have. If current growth rates continue, India’s population will (4) China’s around the year 2028 (5) about 1.7 billion.Should that happen, it won’t be the (6) of the enlightened women of Kerala, a state in southern India. (7) India as a whole adds almost 20 million people a year, Kerala’s population is virtually (8) . The reason is no mystery: nearly two-thirds of Kerala women practice birth control, (9) about 40% in the entire nation.The difference (10) the emphasis put on health programs (11) birth control, by the state authorities, (12) in 1957 became India’s first elected Communist (13) . And an educational tradition and matrilineal customs in parts of Kerala help girls and boys get (14) good schooling. While one in three Indian women is (15) , 90% of those in Kerala can read and write. Higher literacy rates (16) family planning. "Unlike our parents, we know that we can do more for our children if we have (17) of them," says Laila Cherian, 33, who lives in the village of Kudamaloor. She has limited herself (18) three children-one below the national (19) of four. That kind of restraint will keep Kerala from putting added (20) on world food supplies. 17（）
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Text 3In 1949, when the People’s Republic of China was founded, China had just 207 higher educational institutions, and only 117,000 students. Today it has 1032 institutes, 3,021,100 students, and 402,500 teachers. Despite such progress, reforming China’s higher education is currently an issue of widespread concern.Students in China’s middle schools learn how to achieve high test scores so they can attend colleges and universities. This learning continues throughout their college lives. The subject specialties at China’s higher educational institutions are divided carefully, with no cross - communication among the subjects. This has caused students’ knowledge to be restricted to their major subject.Even though students study hard in the classroom, achieve high test scores, and solve academic problems easily, they lack creativity and a working knowledge of other fields. Many suffer a lack of character because such humanistic topics as morality and ethics are omitted from their studies.In the hope of improving the moral awareness of its college graduates, China is reforming its higher educational system, adding more humanistic content to strengthen students’ individuality, humanitarianism and creativity. If successful, future Chinese college students will not only be experts in their fields, they also will have knowledge in a broad range of topics, respect the dignity and worth of all creatures, and care about the environment. The State Education Commission has finally decided to adjust college and university subject majors with the intent of increasing students’ exposure to the humanities. This will be an important reform in China’s higher education.Another serious problem is that courses and textbooks at China’s institutions of higher learning are out of date and do not report the latest academic and scientific achievements. In 1996, 221 reforms on college course content were approved for agriculture, the liberal arts, science and engineering, medical science, finance and law.The third problem is that the administration, management, enrollment and distribution systems at China’s educational institutions are holdovers from the planned economy, and were designed to support those economic conditions. As China transforms itself from a planned to a market economy, reform of these systems is needed urgently to support the demands of employers. In the past, China’s colleges and universities were managed by the State Education Commission and various Chinese ministries. This approach created a large number of single—field institutions. Since 1996, several reforms have been put in place, such as merging single—field institutions into comprehensive universities with broader subject majors, granting educational institutions more autonomy, allowing enterprises to help fund colleges and in return recruit graduates for work, transferring control to local administrations as a way to better serve local economic development.A more mature higher education system is now taking a shape as China approaches the 21st century. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage ？（）
Text 3In 1949, when the People’s Republic of China was founded, China had just 207 higher educational institutions, and only 117,000 students. Today it has 1032 institutes, 3,021,100 students, and 402,500 teachers. Despite such progress, reforming China’s higher education is currently an issue of widespread concern.Students in China’s middle schools learn how to achieve high test scores so they can attend colleges and universities. This learning continues throughout their college lives. The subject specialties at China’s higher educational institutions are divided carefully, with no cross - communication among the subjects. This has caused students’ knowledge to be restricted to their major subject.Even though students study hard in the classroom, achieve high test scores, and solve academic problems easily, they lack creativity and a working knowledge of other fields. Many suffer a lack of character because such humanistic topics as morality and ethics are omitted from their studies.In the hope of improving the moral awareness of its college graduates, China is reforming its higher educational system, adding more humanistic content to strengthen students’ individuality, humanitarianism and creativity. If successful, future Chinese college students will not only be experts in their fields, they also will have knowledge in a broad range of topics, respect the dignity and worth of all creatures, and care about the environment. The State Education Commission has finally decided to adjust college and university subject majors with the intent of increasing students’ exposure to the humanities. This will be an important reform in China’s higher education.Another serious problem is that courses and textbooks at China’s institutions of higher learning are out of date and do not report the latest academic and scientific achievements. In 1996, 221 reforms on college course content were approved for agriculture, the liberal arts, science and engineering, medical science, finance and law.The third problem is that the administration, management, enrollment and distribution systems at China’s educational institutions are holdovers from the planned economy, and were designed to support those economic conditions. As China transforms itself from a planned to a market economy, reform of these systems is needed urgently to support the demands of employers. In the past, China’s colleges and universities were managed by the State Education Commission and various Chinese ministries. This approach created a large number of single—field institutions. Since 1996, several reforms have been put in place, such as merging single—field institutions into comprehensive universities with broader subject majors, granting educational institutions more autonomy, allowing enterprises to help fund colleges and in return recruit graduates for work, transferring control to local administrations as a way to better serve local economic development.A more mature higher education system is now taking a shape as China approaches the 21st century. When the reforming of China’s higher education succeeds, what will happen ？（）
With 950 million people, India ranks second to China among the most populous countries. But since China (1) a family planning program in 1971, India has been dosing the (2) . Indians have reduced their birth rate but not nearly (3) the Chinese have. If current growth rates continue, India’s population will (4) China’s around the year 2028 (5) about 1.7 billion.Should that happen, it won’t be the (6) of the enlightened women of Kerala, a state in southern India. (7) India as a whole adds almost 20 million people a year, Kerala’s population is virtually (8) . The reason is no mystery: nearly two-thirds of Kerala women practice birth control, (9) about 40% in the entire nation.The difference (10) the emphasis put on health programs (11) birth control, by the state authorities, (12) in 1957 became India’s first elected Communist (13) . And an educational tradition and matrilineal customs in parts of Kerala help girls and boys get (14) good schooling. While one in three Indian women is (15) , 90% of those in Kerala can read and write. Higher literacy rates (16) family planning. "Unlike our parents, we know that we can do more for our children if we have (17) of them," says Laila Cherian, 33, who lives in the village of Kudamaloor. She has limited herself (18) three children-one below the national (19) of four. That kind of restraint will keep Kerala from putting added (20) on world food supplies. 3（）
Text 2Not too many decades ago it seemed "obvious" both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people’s natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the "obvious" is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else.Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than are big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different stifle of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers.These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. Moreover; as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a community’s population size and its social heterogeneity. For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so—called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size. One of the consequences of urban life is that impersonal relationships among neighbor ？（）
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