Nursing schools cannot attract a greater number of able applicants than they currently do unless the problems of low wages and high-stress working conditions in the nursing profession are solved. If the pool of able applicants to nursing school does not increase beyond the current level, either the profession will have to lower its entrance standards, or there will soon be an acute shortage of nurses. It is not certain, however, that lowering entrance standards will avert a shortage. It is clear that with either a shortage of nurses or lowered entrance standards for the profession, the current high quality of health care cannot be maintained. Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the passage
A. If the nursing profession solves the problems of low wages and high-stress working conditions, it will attract able applicants in greater numbers than it currently does.
B. The nursing profession will have to lower its entrance standards if the pool of able applicants to nursing school does not increase beyond the current level.
C. If the nursing profession solves the problems of low wages and high-stress working conditions, high quality health care will be maintained.
D. If the nursing profession fails to solve the problems of low wages and high-stress working conditions, there will soon be an acute shortage of nurses.
E. (E) The current high quality of health care will not be maintained if the problems of low wages and high-stress working conditions in the nursing profession are not solved.
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Students can learn mathematics only by exploring it on their own, with generous room for trial and error. For what matters in the long run is not acquiring particular computational skills (since without constant use skills rapidly fade), but knowing how to find and use suitable mathematical tools whenever they become necessary. If the position expressed above is correct, then each of the following can be true EXCEPT:
A. Mathematics teachers are often afraid that someone will ask a question that they cannot answer, and this insecurity frequently leads to authoritarianism in the classroom.
B. Prospective teachers should themselves learn mathematics as a process of constructing and interpreting patterns, of devising strategies for solving problems, and of discovering the beauties and applications of mathematics.
C. Political leaders must accept responsibility for coordinating a nationwide plan for all levels of instruction if mathematics education is to improve.
D. The most effective method for teaching students mathematics is for teachers to state the definitive rule for solving exercises of a given type and then to insist on rote practice in its proper application.
E. (E) Most current teaching presents mathematics as established doctrine, stressing the production of right answers rather than the ability to communicate reasons.
Car telephones have become increasingly popular because they permit people to make or receive business calls while driving. As an additional benefit, motorists can quickly call for help in the event of an accident or breakdown. Nevertheless, car telephones should be prohibited because their use causes hazardous driving. It can be concluded from the statements above that the author is committed to the troth of which of the following statements
A. The increasing popularity of car telephones is due primarily to the fact that they permit motorists to call for help in the event of an accident.
B. The reason that the use of car telephones causes hazardous driving is that while dialing calls drivers cannot keep both hands on the wheel.
C. The advantages afforded by car telephones do not outweigh the risks of hazardous driving created by them.
D. In order to dial or receive telephone calls, drivers must momentarily take their eyes off the road, and this practice is hazardous.
E. (E) The ability to use car telephones to call for help is a more important advantage than the ability to use these phones to engage in business calls.
A recent survey of all auto accident victims in Dole County found that, of the severely injured drivers and front-seat passengers, 80 percent were not wearing seat belts at the time of their accidents. This indicates that, by wearing seat belts, drivers and front-seat passengers can greatly reduce their risk of being severely injured if they are in an auto accident. The conclusion above is not properly drawn unless which of the following is true
A. Of all the drivers and front-seat passengers in the survey, more than 20 percent were wearing seat belts at the time of their accidents.
B. Considerably more than 20 percent of drivers and frontseat passengers in Dole County always wear seat belts when traveling by car.
C. More drivers and front-seat passengers in the survey than rear-seat passengers were very severely injured.
D. More than half of the drivers and front-seat passengers in the survey were not wearing seat belts at the time of their accidents.
E. (E) Most of the auto accidents reported to police in Dole County do not involve any serious injury.
Although aspirin has been proven to eliminate moderate fever associated with some illnesses, many doctors no longer routinely recommend its use for this purpose. A moderate fever stimulates the activity of the body’s diseasefighting white blood cells and also inhibits the growth of many strains of disease-causing bacteria. If the statements above are true, which of the following conclusions is most strongly supported by them
Aspirin, an effective painkiller, alleviates the pain and discomfort of many illnesses.
B. Aspirin can prolong a patient’s illness by eliminating moderate fever helpful in fighting some diseases.
C. Aspirin inhibits the growth of white blood cells, which are necessary for fighting some illnesses.
D. The more white blood cells a patient’s body produces, the less severe the patient’s illness will be.
E. (E) The focus of modern medicine is on inhibiting the growth of disease-causing bacteria within the body.
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