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1. If you want to stay young, sit down and have a good think. This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise--and as a result, we are ageing unnecessarily soon. 2. Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could be slowed down. 3. With a team of colleagues at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations. 4. Computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain, which relate to intellect(智能)and emotion, and determine the human character. (The rear section of the brain, which controls functions like eating and breathing, does not contract with age, and one can continue living without intellectual or emotional faculties. ) 5. Contraction of front and side parts--as cells die off--was observed in some subjects in their thirties, but it was still not evident in some sixty and seventy-year-olds. 6. Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple remedy to the contraction normally associated with age--using the head. 7. The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns. Those least at risk, says Matuzawa, are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors. White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant. 8. Matsuzawa’s findings show that thinking can prevent the brain from shrinking. Blood must circulate properly in the head to supply the fresh oxygen the brain ceils need. "The best way to maintain good blood circulation is through using the brain", he says, "Think hard and engage in conversation. Don’t rely on pocket calculators.\ Para 7 ______
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根据对商业银行内部评级法依赖程度的不同，内部评级法分为初级法和高级法两种。对于非零售暴露，两种评级法都必须估计的风险因素是违约概率。 ( )
Many people wrongly believe that when people reach old age,-their families place them in nursing homes. They are left in the (51) of strangers for the rest of their lives. Their (52) children visit them only occasionally, but more often, they do not have any regular visitors. The truth is that this idea is an unfortunate myth-an (53) story. In fact, family members provide over 80 percent of the care (54) elderly people need. Samuel Prestoon, a sociologist, studied (55) the American family is changing. He reported that by the time the average American couple reaches 40 years of age, they have more parents than children (56) , because people today live longer after an illness than people did years (57) , family members must provide long term care. More psychologists have found that all caregivers (58) a common characteristic: All caregivers believe that they are the best people for the job. In other words, they all felt that they (59) do the job better than anyone else. Social workers (60) caregivers to find out why they took (61) the responsibility of caring for an elderly relative. Many caregivers believed they had obligation to help their relative. Some stated that helping others (62) them feel more useful. Others hoped that by helping (63) now, they would deserve care when they became old and (64) . Caring for the elderly and being taken care of can be a mutually satisfying experience for everyone who might be (65) .
Many people wrongly believe that when people reach old age,-their families place them in nursing homes. They are left in the (51) of strangers for the rest of their lives. Their (52) children visit them only occasionally, but more often, they do not have any regular visitors. The truth is that this idea is an unfortunate myth-an (53) story. In fact, family members provide over 80 percent of the care (54) elderly people need. Samuel Prestoon, a sociologist, studied (55) the American family is changing. He reported that by the time the average American couple reaches 40 years of age, they have more parents than children (56) , because people today live longer after an illness than people did years (57) , family members must provide long term care. More psychologists have found that all caregivers (58) a common characteristic: All caregivers believe that they are the best people for the job. In other words, they all felt that they (59) do the job better than anyone else. Social workers (60) caregivers to find out why they took (61) the responsibility of caring for an elderly relative. Many caregivers believed they had obligation to help their relative. Some stated that helping others (62) them feel more useful. Others hoped that by helping (63) now, they would deserve care when they became old and (64) . Caring for the elderly and being taken care of can be a mutually satisfying experience for everyone who might be (65) .
It has been argued that an infant under three who is cared for outside the home may suffer because of the separation from his parents. The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive "attachment" period from birth to three may scar a child’s personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby’s work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails, and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion. Firstly anthropologists point out that the secluded love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example, we saw earlier that among the Ngoni the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone--far from it. But traditional societies are so different from modern societies that comparisons based on just one factor are hard to interpret. Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if parents, caretakers or pediatricians found that children had problems with it. But Bowlby’s analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and even if they were, the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial. Thirdly, in the last decade, there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care, and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neutral of slightly positive effect on children’s development. But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue. This passage is about ______.
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