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Many people wrongly believe that when people reach old age,-their families place them in nursing homes. They are left in the (51) of strangers for the rest of their lives. Their (52) children visit them only occasionally, but more often, they do not have any regular visitors. The truth is that this idea is an unfortunate myth-an (53) story. In fact, family members provide over 80 percent of the care (54) elderly people need. Samuel Prestoon, a sociologist, studied (55) the American family is changing. He reported that by the time the average American couple reaches 40 years of age, they have more parents than children (56) , because people today live longer after an illness than people did years (57) , family members must provide long term care. More psychologists have found that all caregivers (58) a common characteristic: All caregivers believe that they are the best people for the job. In other words, they all felt that they (59) do the job better than anyone else. Social workers (60) caregivers to find out why they took (61) the responsibility of caring for an elderly relative. Many caregivers believed they had obligation to help their relative. Some stated that helping others (62) them feel more useful. Others hoped that by helping (63) now, they would deserve care when they became old and (64) . Caring for the elderly and being taken care of can be a mutually satisfying experience for everyone who might be (65) .
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It has been argued that an infant under three who is cared for outside the home may suffer because of the separation from his parents. The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive "attachment" period from birth to three may scar a child’s personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby’s work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails, and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion. Firstly anthropologists point out that the secluded love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example, we saw earlier that among the Ngoni the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone--far from it. But traditional societies are so different from modern societies that comparisons based on just one factor are hard to interpret. Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if parents, caretakers or pediatricians found that children had problems with it. But Bowlby’s analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and even if they were, the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial. Thirdly, in the last decade, there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care, and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neutral of slightly positive effect on children’s development. But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue. This passage is about ______.
Many people wrongly believe that when people reach old age,-their families place them in nursing homes. They are left in the (51) of strangers for the rest of their lives. Their (52) children visit them only occasionally, but more often, they do not have any regular visitors. The truth is that this idea is an unfortunate myth-an (53) story. In fact, family members provide over 80 percent of the care (54) elderly people need. Samuel Prestoon, a sociologist, studied (55) the American family is changing. He reported that by the time the average American couple reaches 40 years of age, they have more parents than children (56) , because people today live longer after an illness than people did years (57) , family members must provide long term care. More psychologists have found that all caregivers (58) a common characteristic: All caregivers believe that they are the best people for the job. In other words, they all felt that they (59) do the job better than anyone else. Social workers (60) caregivers to find out why they took (61) the responsibility of caring for an elderly relative. Many caregivers believed they had obligation to help their relative. Some stated that helping others (62) them feel more useful. Others hoped that by helping (63) now, they would deserve care when they became old and (64) . Caring for the elderly and being taken care of can be a mutually satisfying experience for everyone who might be (65) .
Dorothea Dix left home at an early age-of her own free will-to live with her grand-mother. At fourteen, Dorothea was teaching school at Worcester, Massachusetts. A short time after she had begun teaching, she established a school for young girls in her grandparents’ home. Stress was placed on moral character at Dorothea’s school, which she conducted until she was thirty-three. She was forced to give up teaching at her grandparents’ home, however, when she became ill. A few years of inactivity followed. In 1841 Dorothea began to teach again, accepting a Sunday school class in the East Cambridge, Massachusetts, jail. Here, she first came upon insane people locked up together with criminals. In those days insane people were treated even worse than criminals. There were only a few asylums(精神病院)in the entire country. Therefore jails, poorhouses, and houses of correction were used to confine the insane. Dorothea Dix made a careful investigation of the inhuman treatment of the insane. It was considered, unfeminine (不适合女性的)for a woman to devote herself to such work at this time. But this did not stop Dorothea Dix in her efforts to provide proper medical care for the insane. Gradually, because of her investigations, conditions were improved. More than thirty mental institutions were founded or re-established in the United Stated because of her efforts. Dorothea also extended her investigations to England and to other parts of Europe. During the Civil War, Dorothea served as superintendent(管理人)of women hospital nurses in the Union army. When the war was over, she returned to her work of improving conditions for insane people. What is the meaning of "served as" in the last paragraph
Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
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