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下面短文，回答下列五道题。古人比较重视步行，无论是走路的速度，还是步形、体态都有较为明确的划定和区别。步行须遵制合礼是古代礼法的一个重要内容。古代以右、前为尊。道路之上，男居右行，女居左行；与父辈外出，小辈随后相从，不得逾前；与兄弟朋友外出，须并行，有如雁阵，不得起速领先。否则为越位，越位即越礼，要受到非议。在古人看来，走路的速度、方式须在不同的场合有所区别。《尔雅》说：“堂上谓之行，堂下谓之步，门外谓之趋，中庭谓之走，大路谓之奔。”东汉人解释，两脚进曰“行”，徐行曰“步”，疾行曰“趋”，疾趋曰“走”，“奔”即后人所说的奔跑。如果不遵此行走，无疑既不合礼，又不合理。汉代还明文规定在帝王面前要“疾趋”。对朝廷有特殊贡献的人或皇上特别亲近的人，可以免去此礼，当然那是独沐皇恩、荣耀无比的事了。在官场之中，则有“趋礼”之说。对趋礼的要求也非常严格，如若行走迟缓则要遭到斥责，甚至有降职免官的危险。县令拜谒知府若行步迟缓，知府的守门人便可斥责县令。在丰富多彩的社会生活中，在不背道逾礼的情况下，古人也十分讲究步行关，以此体现人的性格情趣和风度教养。先秦君子步行鸣佩玉，即喻示着君子言行举止要符合德行的要求，而佩玉之声伴随着步行的节奏，又显示出一种庄重和谐的美。对待步行，儒道两家态度素不相同；儒家容关于善，道家容美无走。因此，庄子曾尖刻地批评了学行于邯郸的寿陵余子和亦步亦趋效仿孔子走路的颜回，借此嘲讽了儒士们拘守礼义、失去故我的荒唐。但同时，寿陵余子和颜回的行为又侧面反映了一种时尚。寿陵余子认为首都邯郸人的步法独特优美，有节有度，有仪有威，是有许多可学之处的。颜回步、趋、驰、奔处处要学孔子，除了他遵守纪律外，起码在他的眼里，这些是非学到手不可的特技，是他人无法企及的极美的东西。汉末至魏晋时代，随着儒学的日益衰落和人们思想的逐渐解放，人们对美的崇尚与追求更为显著，因此节度迟缓不迫、举止舒泰优雅的步行，作为衡量一个人的修养、气质和风度的重要标准，常为品评者称誉。乐府民歌《陌上桑》载秦罗敷在拒绝使君求婚时，就夸说自己的丈夫：“盈盈公府步，冉冉府中趋。”古人还把与步行有关的词语用来表情达意。如常见的徘徊、彷徨、踟躇、容与等，就被演化为举步不定、犹豫不决的意思。“徒跣”一词，原意是脱掉鞋子赤脚走路，后演化为表示发怒、着急、匆忙和痛苦的情感。徒跣又如倒屣，碰到身份特殊的人或情状特殊的事，需急遽迎接或前往以示重视时常用此词。刘邦赦免了萧何，萧何“徒跣入谢”，即是表示急速前往致谢的意思。步行这个简单的行为所蕴含的文化内涵丰富多彩，我们从中可以看到某些历史文化现象，这对我们是不无裨益的。 对下列词语在文中的意义，理解正确的一项是（）。
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阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。 The American Family In the American family the husband and wife usually share important decision making. When the children are (51) enough, they take part as well. Foreigners are often surprised by the permissiveness(宽容) of American parents. The old rule that "children should be seen and not heard" is rarely (52) , and children are often allowed to do (53) they wish without strict control of their parents. The father seldom expects his children to listen to him (54) question, and children are encouraged to be (55) at an early age. Some people believe that American parents carry this freedom (56) far. Others think that a strong father image would not (57) the American values of equality and independence. Because Americans emphasize the importance of independence, young people are expected to (58) their parental families by the time they have (59) their late teens or early twenties. Indeed, not to do so is often regarded as a (60) , a kind of weak dependence. This pattern of independence often results in serious (61) for the aging parents of a small family. The average American is expected to live (62) the age of 70. The job-retirement age is (63) 65. The children have left home, married, and (64) their own households. At least 20 percent of all people over 65 do not have enough retirement incomes. (65) the major problem of many elderly couples is not economic. They feel useless and lonely with neither an occupation nor a close family group.
卷材防水屋面适用于防水等级为Ⅰ~Ⅳ级的屋面防水。
第二篇Teaching Poetry No poem should ever be discussed or "analyzed", until it has been read aloud by someone, teacher or student. Better still, perhaps, is the practice of reading it twice, once at the beginning of the discussion and once at the end, so the sound of the poem is the last thing one hears of it. All discussions of poetry are, in fact, preparations for reading it aloud, and the reading of the poem is, finally, the most telling "interpretation" of it, suggesting tone, rhythm, and meaning all at once. Hearing a poet read the word in his or her own voice, on records or on film, is obviously a special reward. But even those aids to teaching can not replace the student and teacher reading it or, best of all, reciting (背诵) it. I have come to think, in fact, that time spent reading a poem aloud is much more important than "analyzing" it, if there isn’t time for both. I think one of our goals as teachers of English is to have students love poetry. Poetry is "a criticism of life", and "a heightening (提升) of life". It is "an approach to the truth of feeling", and it "can save your life". It also deserves a place in the teaching of language and literature more central than it presently occupies. I am not saying that every English teacher must teach poetry. Those who don’t like it should not be forced to put that dislike on anyone else. But those who do teach poetry must keep in mind a few things about its essential nature, about its sound as well as its sense, and they must make room in the classroom for hearing poetry as well as thinking about it. The phrase "make room" in the last paragraph could be best replaced by ______.
阅读下面短文，回答下列五道题。在地球之外，究竟有没有外星人两位美国学者撰文说，他们花了5年时间，在北半球天空捕捉到了37个可能是来自地球外文明的讯号。这两位学者是利用直径为26米的射电望远镜，来寻找由浩瀚宇宙深处发出的未知讯号的。他们以波长21厘米和10.5厘米的电波对北半球天空的全部区域分别进行了三次和两次调查。许多从事探索地球外文明的科学家认为，波长为21厘米的电波在宇宙空间中极为普通，如果地球外文明要向其他星体发出讯号，就很有可能会使用这个波长。在探测时，他们试图寻找从极狭窄区域中释放出的强大电波。每次探测的时间约需 200～400天，所以获得的观察资料十分庞大。经过筛选，才获得了这37个讯号，其中有5个讯号特别强烈。这些讯号大多数是沿着银河系分布的，在银河系内有着大量的恒星，是智慧生命可能存在的地方。然而，至今还未发现具有已接收讯号特征的电波源，且在这些电波的方向上，也没有特异的星体存在。这37个讯号果真是由外星人发出的吗科学家认为，如果在这37个讯号当中包括地球外文明的讯息，那么这就可能是由地球外文明发出的最强或最近的讯号。 两位学者说，37个讯号“可能来自地球外文明”，他们的依据是（）。 ①讯号的波长是宇宙空间极为普通的。 ②大多数电波讯号沿着银河系分布。 ③每次探寻的时间约为200～400天。 ④在庞大的观察资料中这些讯号十分强大。 ⑤捕捉到的讯号是离地球最近的。
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