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Part A You will hear a talk on how to obtain information. As you listen, answer Questions 1 to 10 by circling True or False. You will listen to the talk ONLY ONCE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1 to 10. It was expensive to buy printed encyclopedias for Chris Witting, a father of two from Morton Grove, Illinois.
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请结合实际工作谈谈现今中小学教育评价存在的问题及改革策略.
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某工程项目业主与监理单位及承包商分别签订了施工阶段监理合同和工程施工合同。由于工期紧张，在设计单位仅交付地下室的施工图时，业主要求承包商进场施工，同时向监理单位提出对设计图纸质量把关的要求。(一)监理单位为满足业主要求，由项目土建监理工程师向业主直接报送监理规划，其部分内容如下。1．工程概况，2．监理工作范围和目标；3．监理组织；4．设计方案评选方法及组织设计协调工作的监理措施；5．因设计图纸不全，拟按进度分阶段编写基础、主体、装修工程的施工监理措施；6．对施工合同进行监督管理；7．施工阶段监理工作制度……(二)由于承包商不具备防水施工技术，故合同约定：地下防水工程可以分包。在承包商尚未确定防水分包单位的情况下，业主代表为保证工期和工程质量，自行选择了一家专承防水施工业务的施工单位，承担防水工程施工任务(尚未签订正式合同)，并书面通知总监理工程师和承包商，已确定分包单位进场时间，要求配合施工。1．监理规划是否有不妥之处为什么？2．以上合同约定中不妥的做法有哪些？3．总监理工程师接到业主通知后应如何处理？
Not every President is a leader, but every time we elect a President we hope for one, especially in times of doubt and crisis. In easy times we are ambivalent(有矛盾心理的)—the leader, after all, makes demands, challenges the status quo, shakes things up. Leadership is as much as question of timing as anything else. 66. ______ And when he comes, he must offer a simple, eloquent message. Great leaders are almost always great simplifiers, who cut through argument, debate and doubt to offer a solution everybody can understand and remember. Churchill warned the British to expect "blood, toil, tears and sweat"; FDR told Americans that "the only thing we have to fear is fear itself"; Lenin promised the warweary Russians peace, land and bread. Straightforward but potent messages. We have an image of what a leader ought to be. We even recognize the physical signs: Leaders may not necessarily be all, but they must have bigger-than-life, commanding features — LBJ’s nose and ear lobes, Ike’s broad grin. A trademark also comes in handy: Lincoln’s stovepipe hat (礼帽), JFK’s rocker. We expect our leaders to stand out a little, not to be like ordinary men. Half of President Ford’ trouble lay in the fact that, if you closed your eyes for a moment, you couldn’t remember his face, figure or clothes. A leader should have an unforgettable identity, instantly and permanently fixed in people’s minds. It also helps for a leader to be able to do something most of us can’t: FDR overcame polio(小儿麻痹症); Mao swam the Yangtze River at the age of 72. We don’t want our leaders to be "just like us". We want them to be like us but better, special, more so. 67. ______ Even television, which comes in for a lot of knocks as an imagebuilder that magnifies form over substance, doesn’t altogether obscure the qualities of leadership we recognize, or their absence. Television exposed Nixon’s insecurity, Humphrey’s fatal infatuation(迷恋)with his own voice. A leader must know how to use power, but he also has to have a way of showing that he does. He has to be able to project firmness — no physical clumsiness (like Ford), no rapid eye movements (like Carter). A Chinese philosopher once remarked that a leader must have the grace of a good dancer, and there is a great deal of wisdom to this. 68. ______ He should be able, like Lincoln, FDR, Truman, Ike and JFK, to give a good, hearty, belly laugh, instead of the sickly grin that passes for good humor in Nixon or Carter. Ronald Reagan’s training as an actor showed to good effect in the debate with Carter, when by his easy manner and apparent affability(和蔼可亲), he managed to convey the impression that in fact he was the President and Carter the challenger. If we know what we’re looking for, why is it so difficult to find The answer lies in a very simple truth about leadership. People can only be led where they want to go. The leader follows, though a step ahead. 69. ______ The British believed that they could still win the war after the defeats of 1940, and Churchill told them they were right. A leader rides the waves, moves with the tides, understands the deepest yearnings of his people. He cannot make a nation that wants peace at any price go to war, or stop a nation determined to fight from doing so. His purpose must match the national mood. His task is to focus the people’s energies and desires, to define them in simple terms, to inspire, and make what people already want seem attainable, important, within their grasp. 70. ______ Winston Churchill managed, by sheer rhetoric, to turn the British defeat and the evacuation of Dunkirk in 1940 into a major victory. FDR’s words turned the sinking of the American fleet at Pearl Harbor into a national rallying cry instead of a humiliating national scandal. A leader must stir our blood, not appeal to our reason ... A great leader must have a certain irrational quality, a stubborn refusal to face facts, infectious optimism, the ability to convince us that all is not lost even when we’re afraid it is. Confucius suggested that, while the advisers of a great leader should be as cold as ice, the leader himself should have fire, a spark of divine madness. A. Yet if they are too different, we reject them. Adlai Stevenson was too cerebral. Nelson Rockefeller, too rich. B. The leader must appear on the scene at a moment when people are looking for leadership, as Churchill did in 1940. as Roosevelt did in 1933. as Lenin did in 1917. C. Americans wanted to climb out of the Depression and needed someone to tell them they could do it, and FDR did. D. Our strength makes him strong; our determination makes him determined; our courage makes him a hero. He is the symbol of the best in us. E. Above all, he must dignify our desires, convince us that we are taking part in the making of great history, give us a sense of glory about ourselves. E A leader should know how to appear relaxed and confident. His walk should be firm and purposeful.
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