Young girls at high risk for depression appear to have a malfunctioning reward system in their brains, a new study suggests. The finding comes from research that 1 a high-risk group of 13 girls, aged 10 to 14, who were not depressed but had mothers who 2 recurrent depression and a low-risk group of 13 girls with no 3 or family history of depression. Both groups were given MRI brain 4 while completing a task that could 5 either reward or punishment. 6 with girls in the low-risk group, those in the high-risk group had 7 neural responses during both anticipation and receipt of the reward. 8 , the high-risk girls showed no 9 in an area of the brain called the dorsal anterior cingulated cortex(背侧前扣带皮质), which is believed to play a role in 10 past experiences to assist learning.The high-risk girls did have greater activation of this brain area 11 receiving punishment, compared with the other girls. The researchers said that this suggests that high-risk girls have easier time 12 information about loss and punishment than information about reward and pleasure."Considered together with reduced activation in the striate(纹状体的)areas commonly observed 13 reward, it seems that the reward-processing system is critically 14 in daughters who are at elevated risk for depression, 15 they have not yet experienced a depressive 16 , " wrote Ian H. Gotlib, of Stanford University, and his colleagues. " 17 , hmgitudinal studies are needed to determine whether the anomalous activations 18 in this study during the processing of 19 and losses are associated with the 20 onset of depression," they" concluded. The study was published in the April of the Archives of General Psychiatry.

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