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A sick or injured person can obtain medical care in several different places. These include provider practices such as medical offices and clinics, hospitals and nursing homes.There are about 200,000 medical offices, clinics, and other provider practices in the United States. Earlier in the 20th century most physicians were single people working in their own offices or in partnership with another doctor. Patients visited the office, received an examination or other service, and paid a fee. This traditional fee-for-service medicine has been declining. Many physicians now practice in groups where they share the same offices and equipment with other doctors. Group practices may combine primary care physicians, several kinds of specialists, laboratories, and equipment for diagnosing disease. Physicians who practice in a group reduce their own expenses and provide patients with a wider range of services.Many doctors are joining with hospitals, insurance companies, and industrial employers to provide managed care for groups of patients. These plans manage to avoid unnecessary services and reduce costs. Rather than taking a fee from each patient, managed care physicians may receive an annual salary from a fixed sum for each patient.Patients who are too sick for care in a doctor’s office go to a hospital. Hospitals offer Patients 24-hour care from a staff of health professionals. They provide services not available elsewhere, such as major surgery, child birth, and intensive care for the critically ill. Hospital care is the most expensive form of health care. Efforts to control health care costs have emphasized reducing the number of patients admitted to hospitals and their length of stay. During the 1980s and 1990s, these efforts led to the closing of more than 600 hospitals.Patients who need long-term medical care because of advanced age or chronic illness may stay in a nursing home. The United States has about 23,000 nursing homes with about 1.3 million patients. According to the article, what is the shortcoming of the hospital（）
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Part ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. Text 1 For years Internet merchants have poured millions of dollars into new technologies to make their sites easier to use. So why aren’t online customers happier Customer satisfaction levels have remained almost flat through the last several years. The problem, according to Larry Freed, chief executive of a consulting and research firm called ForeSee Results, is not so much that consumers have ignored the many improvements made in recent years. Rather, he said, they still expect more from Internet shopping than it has delivered. "If we walk into a local store, we don’t expect that experience to be better than it was a couple years ago," Mr. Freed said. "But we expect sites to be better. The bar goes up every year." In ForeSee’s latest survey, released last month, just five e-commerce sites registered scores higher than 80 out of 100, and no site scored higher than 85. It was much the same story a year ago, when just five scored higher than 80, with no site surpassing 85. "Scores have inched up over time for the best e-commerce companies, but the overall numbers haven’t moved drastically," Mr. Freed said. "At the same time though, if you don’t do anything you see your scores drop steadily." That dynamic has been a challenge for online merchants and investors, who a decade ago envisioned Internet stores as relatively inexpensive (and therefore extremely profitable ) operations. Now some observers predict a future where online retailers will essentially adopt something like the QVC model, with sales staff pitching the site’s merchandise with polished video presentations, produced in a high-tech television studio. QVC. com is evolving in that direction. The Web site, which sold more than $1 billion in merchandise’ in 2006, has for the last five years let visitors watch a live feed of the network’s broadcast. But in recent months, QVC. com has also given visitors the chance to watch archives of entire shows, and in the coming months visitors will be able to find more video segments from recent shows, featuring individual products that remain in stock. Bob Myers, senior vice president of QVC. com, said the Web site’s video salesmanship is especially effective when combined with detailed product information, customer reviews and multiple photographs. About eight months ago, for instance, a customer said that she could not determine the size of a handbag from the photographs on the site because she could not tell the height of the model who was holding it. Within two weeks the site tested and introduced a new system, showing the bags with women of three different heights. The results were immediate: women who saw the new photographs bought the bags at least 10 percent more frequently than those who had not. Still, Mr. Myers said, video is a critically important element to sales. "E-commerce started with television commerce," he said. "The sites who engage and entertain customers will be winning here in the near future." Such a prospect is not necessarily daunting to other e-commerce executives. Gordon Magee, head of Internet marketing for Drs. Foster & Smith, based in a Rhinelander, Wis. said a transition to video "will be seamless for us." The company, Mr. Magee said, has in recent weeks discussed putting some of its product on video "so customers could see a 360-degree view they don’t have to manipulate themselves. The result of Foresee’s recent survey shows that
Section Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. Text 1 For years Internet merchants have poured millions of dollars into new technologies to make their sites easier to use. So why aren’t online customers happier Customer satisfaction levels have remained almost flat through the last several years. The problem, according to Larry Freed, chief executive of a consulting and research firm called ForeSee Results, is not so much that consumers have ignored the many improvements made in recent years. Rather, he said, they still expect more from Internet shopping than it has delivered. "If we walk into a local store, we don’t expect that experience to be better than it was a couple years ago," Mr. Freed said. "But we expect sites to be better. The bar goes up every year." In ForeSee’s latest survey, released last month, just five e-commerce sites registered scores higher than 80 out of 100, and no site scored higher than 85. It was much the same story a year ago, when just five scored higher than 80, with no site surpassing 85. "Scores have inched up over time for the best e-commerce companies, but the overall numbers haven’t moved drastically," Mr. Freed said. "At the same time though, if you don’t do anything you see your scores drop steadily." That dynamic has been a challenge for online merchants and investors, who a decade ago envisioned Internet stores as relatively inexpensive (and therefore extremely profitable ) operations. Now some observers predict a future where online retailers will essentially adopt something like the QVC model, with sales staff pitching the site’s merchandise with polished video presentations, produced in a high-tech television studio. QVC. com is evolving in that direction. The Web site, which sold more than $1 billion in merchandise’ in 2006, has for the last five years let visitors watch a live feed of the network’s broadcast. But in recent months, QVC. com has also given visitors the chance to watch archives of entire shows, and in the coming months visitors will be able to find more video segments from recent shows, featuring individual products that remain in stock. Bob Myers, senior vice president of QVC. com, said the Web site’s video salesmanship is especially effective when combined with detailed product information, customer reviews and multiple photographs. About eight months ago, for instance, a customer said that she could not determine the size of a handbag from the photographs on the site because she could not tell the height of the model who was holding it. Within two weeks the site tested and introduced a new system, showing the bags with women of three different heights. The results were immediate: women who saw the new photographs bought the bags at least 10 percent more frequently than those who had not. Still, Mr. Myers said, video is a critically important element to sales. "E-commerce started with television commerce," he said. "The sites who engage and entertain customers will be winning here in the near future." Such a prospect is not necessarily daunting to other e-commerce executives. Gordon Magee, head of Internet marketing for Drs. Foster & Smith, based in a Rhinelander, Wis. said a transition to video "will be seamless for us." The company, Mr. Magee said, has in recent weeks discussed putting some of its product on video "so customers could see a 360-degree view they don’t have to manipulate themselves. Larry Freed attributed low customer satisfaction to the fact that
A．营养不足B．红细胞生成相对不足C．消耗增加D．骨髓造血容量减少E．血浆容量增高，血液被稀释下列红细胞增多是上述哪一种病因 真性红细胞增多症（）
On July 12, 1993, a young professor of American history named Frederick Jackson Turner stood up to speak. The scene was the American History Congress at the Chicago World’s Fair. (62) His paper was titled "The significance of the Frontier in American History." Turner had a new idea. (63) And many historians who heard him recognized that he had come upon a simple theory that seemed right.To Turner, the frontier was one of the most powerful forces shaping the American character. He pointed out that the frontier was a place for new beginnings, a place where men and women could build new lives. Thus, the frontier represented hope and opportunity to Americans. Turner also pointed out that these new lives on the frontier were shaped by tile hardships of surviving in the wilderness. Thus, life on the frontier produced determination in Americans and made them believe in the value of work. (64)According to Turner’s theory, the frontier was a place where everyone had to struggle equally hard. (65) Thus, frontier life helped shape the American ideal of equality, independence, and democracy. According to Turner’s theory, the frontier was a place where everyone had to struggle equally hard.
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