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Passage 2 聪明的人，智力发达、记忆和理解能力也强。聪明是好事，是财富，应好好利用，用于进步，用于获取知识，用于为祖国为人民做好事，为大家也为自己好。应该承认，人和人不一样，有的人就是聪明。周恩来就是一个聪明的人，早在年轻的时候，他的一个同龄人就说过：“周恩来浑身都是聪明。” 但是，周恩来一生取得那么多伟大成就靠什么呢靠的是努力，是刻苦，是呕心沥血，是鞠躬尽瘁，是对祖国、对党、对人民的无限忠诚。中国之大，人口之多，相信比周恩来聪明的人大有人在，但有几个能像周恩来那样永远留在人民心中呢聪明的人加上努力是最好的，是最能成功的。能做到聪明加努力的人常常并不认为自己是聪明的。相反，他总觉得自己的聪明还很不够，所以非常努力。新的发明创造无不是聪明人总结实践经验，进行反复验证，经过苦思冥想，刻苦钻研出来的，而不是不费气力地依赖聪明自然而然地长出来的。不努力，即使聪明的人也会一事无成。不努力本身就很不聪明。由此可见，成功秘诀的首要一点还是努力而不是聪明。再说聪明又是从哪里来的呢不可否认有遗传的因素，但如果一个天生聪明的孩子不上学，不进行很多后天的训练，恐怕就很难再聪明下去了。就绝大多数情况来说，人的聪明是经过后天的努力培育出来的。

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某施工队承接到桩基施工任务。桩基为300mm×300mm的钢筋混凝土方桩，采用陆上打桩法施工；桩长30m，分两节施打，采用等强度焊接接头；沉桩机械采用履带式打桩机，柴油锤重4t，用25t履带式起重机配合运桩、喂桩。施工前，施工队做了以下安全准备工作。(1)编制了与工程相适应的施工组织设计和针对性的安全技术措施，并经有法人资格的上级企业技术负责人批准；(2)配备持有效上岗证的专职安全管理人员、起重挂钩指挥和打桩操作工等特种作业人员；(3)配备防高处坠落、邻边作业、安全警示等安全防护设施；(4)进行安全交底，交底双方在书面交底卡上签字。沉入桩施工时，施工人员为节约时间多打桩，采用了以下做法：(1)吊桩、运桩同时进行；(2)吊桩、吊锤同时进行；(3)用桩机行走或回转的动作来调整桩的垂直度。每班打桩结束后，施工人员均按要求关闭用电设备的电源，将起重机、打桩机的驾驶室锁上，以保证安全。问题补全桩基工程施工前的安全准备工作。

某施工队承接到桩基施工任务。桩基为300mm×300mm的钢筋混凝土方桩，采用陆上打桩法施工；桩长30m，分两节施打，采用等强度焊接接头；沉桩机械采用履带式打桩机，柴油锤重4t，用25t履带式起重机配合运桩、喂桩。施工前，施工队做了以下安全准备工作。(1)编制了与工程相适应的施工组织设计和针对性的安全技术措施，并经有法人资格的上级企业技术负责人批准；(2)配备持有效上岗证的专职安全管理人员、起重挂钩指挥和打桩操作工等特种作业人员；(3)配备防高处坠落、邻边作业、安全警示等安全防护设施；(4)进行安全交底，交底双方在书面交底卡上签字。沉入桩施工时，施工人员为节约时间多打桩，采用了以下做法：(1)吊桩、运桩同时进行；(2)吊桩、吊锤同时进行；(3)用桩机行走或回转的动作来调整桩的垂直度。每班打桩结束后，施工人员均按要求关闭用电设备的电源，将起重机、打桩机的驾驶室锁上，以保证安全。问题本桩基工程施工中还有哪些特种作业人员需持证上岗

Passage 1 China’s economy, once reliant on state spending in heavy industry, has increasingly looked to the retail sector for growth. Market-oriented reforms begun in 1978 have created a growing private sector, and much of that is concentrated in the retail trade. The state has also moved aggressively to tap the retail market as reforms put money in the pockets of the nation’s consumers. That has created a service economy where, sometimes, the customer really is king. Before the reforms took hold, a shopping excursion often meant a test of wills, with sleepy attendants at state-owned stores with little incentive to sell. Goods were often shoddy and carelessly displayed. Shortages were common and ration coupons were needed to buy anything from rice to cloth and cooking oil. Those days are all but forgotten now. Broadly defined, retail consumption, estimated in excess of US$450 billion, is growing by about 10% annually. With a value added tax of 17% applied to all goods, the retail trade is a major contributor to state revenue. Since 1978, the private sector has embraced retailing in a big way. Government-owned factories have been forced to lay off millions of workers to trim costs and start making a profit. That has driven many of those workers into the retail sector, with a high percentage operating privately-run corner shops, convenience stores, clothing shops, bars and restaurants, and even beauty parlors and dry cleaners. Foreign investors have also moved into the market in force, investing more than US$3 billion in China since 1992. Headed by the likes of Carrefour and Wal-Mart, some 300 foreign-funded retailers with 2,200 chain stores have been approved and the pace is certain to accelerate following China’s entry into the’ WTO. While foreign-invested stores still account for only 2-4% of all retail sales, their impact has been profound. Their presence has forced local retailers to compete by expanding their scale of business and making their stores more attractive to customers. The new entrants in the market have brought an array of goods. While foreign brands were once reserved for the elite or wealthy foreigners, they are now aimed at local customers.

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