Reading involves looking at graphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds and ideas they represent. Concepts of reading have changed (67) over the centuries. During the 1950’s and 1960’s especially, increased attention has been (68) to defining and describing the reading process. Although specialists agree that reading (69) a complex organization of higher mental (70) , they disagree on the exact nature of the (71) Some experts, who regard language (72) as a code using symbols to represent sounds, (73) reading as simply the decoding of symbols into the sounds they stand (74) . These authorities (75) that meaning, being concerned with thinking, must be taught independently of the decoding process. Others maintain that reading is inexplicably (无法解释地) (76) to thinking, and that a child who pronounces sounds without (77) their meaning is not truly reading. The reader, (78) some, is not just a person with a theoretical ability to read but one who (79) reads. Many adults, although they have the ability to read, have never read a book in its (80) . By some expert they would not be (81) as readers. Clearly, the philosophy, objectives, methods and materials of reading will depend on the definition one uses. By the most (82) and satisfactory definition, reading is the ability to (83) the sound-symbols code of the language, to interpret meaning for various (84) , at various rates, and at various levels of difficulty, and to do (85) widely and enthusiastically. In short reading is the interpretation of ideas through the use of symbols (86) sounds and ideas.
A. view
B. look
C. reassure
D. agree
Reading involves looking at graphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds and ideas they represent. Concepts of reading have changed (67) over the centuries. During the 1950’s and 1960’s especially, increased attention has been (68) to defining and describing the reading process. Although specialists agree that reading (69) a complex organization of higher mental (70) , they disagree on the exact nature of the (71) Some experts, who regard language (72) as a code using symbols to represent sounds, (73) reading as simply the decoding of symbols into the sounds they stand (74) . These authorities (75) that meaning, being concerned with thinking, must be taught independently of the decoding process. Others maintain that reading is inexplicably (无法解释地) (76) to thinking, and that a child who pronounces sounds without (77) their meaning is not truly reading. The reader, (78) some, is not just a person with a theoretical ability to read but one who (79) reads. Many adults, although they have the ability to read, have never read a book in its (80) . By some expert they would not be (81) as readers. Clearly, the philosophy, objectives, methods and materials of reading will depend on the definition one uses. By the most (82) and satisfactory definition, reading is the ability to (83) the sound-symbols code of the language, to interpret meaning for various (84) , at various rates, and at various levels of difficulty, and to do (85) widely and enthusiastically. In short reading is the interpretation of ideas through the use of symbols (86) sounds and ideas.
A. by
B. to
C. off
D. for
Reading involves looking at graphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds and ideas they represent. Concepts of reading have changed (67) over the centuries. During the 1950’s and 1960’s especially, increased attention has been (68) to defining and describing the reading process. Although specialists agree that reading (69) a complex organization of higher mental (70) , they disagree on the exact nature of the (71) Some experts, who regard language (72) as a code using symbols to represent sounds, (73) reading as simply the decoding of symbols into the sounds they stand (74) . These authorities (75) that meaning, being concerned with thinking, must be taught independently of the decoding process. Others maintain that reading is inexplicably (无法解释地) (76) to thinking, and that a child who pronounces sounds without (77) their meaning is not truly reading. The reader, (78) some, is not just a person with a theoretical ability to read but one who (79) reads. Many adults, although they have the ability to read, have never read a book in its (80) . By some expert they would not be (81) as readers. Clearly, the philosophy, objectives, methods and materials of reading will depend on the definition one uses. By the most (82) and satisfactory definition, reading is the ability to (83) the sound-symbols code of the language, to interpret meaning for various (84) , at various rates, and at various levels of difficulty, and to do (85) widely and enthusiastically. In short reading is the interpretation of ideas through the use of symbols (86) sounds and ideas.
A. primarily
B. extraordinarily
C. necessarily
D. remarkably
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage. How old is "old" The answer has changed over the years. Two hundred years ago, you were old at 35. That was the average life expectancy then. At the turn of the 19th century, as medical knowledge advanced, the average life expectancy increased to 45. In 1950, 70-year-olds were really old. Today, a healthy 70-year-old is looking forward to many more active years. So, how old is old The answer is one you’ve heard many times, from all sorts of people. "You are as old ( or young) as you feel. " The calendar simply tells you how many years you have lived. Your body tells you how well you’ve lived. "Youth", wrote an unknown author, "is not a time of life--it is a state of mind. Nobody grows old by living a number of years; people grow old by deserting (抛弃) their ideals. " Old is a point of view. Alice Brophy, when she was with the New York City Commission for the Aging, said, "It annoys me when people say, ’Gee, you look young for your age. ’ What does that mean Is there some model that you’re supposed to look a certain way at 65 and 75 and 85 You know, you can die old at 30 and live young at 80. " It is often believed that most older people are in poor health. But the fact is that there are neither biological nor physiological (生理学的) reasons to connect poor health with growing older. Older people are more likely to be affected with illness and physical disabilities than you are, but old age itself is not a disease. It’s possible to remain physically fit throughout your life. By saying "you can die old at 30 and live young at 80", Mice Brophy means that ______.
A. people usually die at different ages in the past and at present
B. people died at 30 years old in the past but live happily at 80 now
C. some can die at 30 years old but other people may live until they are 80 years old
D. people’s states of mind determine how old they are