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It can be inferred from the last paragraph that______.

A. diet books are not always effective
B. diet books are usually helpful
C. there are lots of ways of losing weight
D. bookstores are keeping their promises

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A bottle weights less after air is taken out, ______proves that air has weight.

A. we
B. it
C. which
D. what

A number of articles have been published by psychologists in favor of their procession being permitted to prescribe psychotropic (治疗精神病的) medications. A review of studies surveying practitioners, though reveals that the majority of psychologists are opposed to the gaining of prescription privileges. Unless a major shift occurs in the attitudes of most psychologists on this issue, prescription privileges could cause divisions within the field, as well as a greater division between psychologists and other professions.
There has been a growing interest in psychopharmacology (心理药物学) among a variety of subspecialties in psychology. Therefore, before psychologists become involved in prescribing. psychopharmacological agents, it is critical that licensure provisions be developed. According to psychologist Tom Kubiszyn, school psychologists, because of their training and setting, may be in a unique position to expand their competencies in the areas of pediatric medication and evaluation procedures, particularly with schoolchildren diagnosed as having attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. However, Stephen DeMers of the University of Kentucky points out possible complications with school psychologists seeking greater involvement in psychopharmacology. School psychology programs provide much less training and experience in psychopathology and therapeutic interventions than clinical psychology programs do.
Within the field of psychology, there are varying degrees of credentials, making it difficult for clients to identify competent practitioners. For instance, in psychology, the public may have difficulty understanding the difference between a Psy D, a Ph D, and an Ed D. Some psychologists have a master's degree, while others have earned certificates of advancement in areas such as drug and alcohol or family therapy. Currently, psychology licensing acts allow for the credentialing of all psychologists with a doctoral degree, regardless of whether the individual was trained as a practitioner. Perhaps the Psy D and Ph D need to betwo distinct degrees, whereby the Psy D is for practitioners and the Ph D is for researchers and academicians. The result would be different training in psychology for the two degrees. The absence of criteria identifying the practitioner is a serious impediment for professional psychology and must be resolved before granting psychologists the right to prescribe psychotropic medication.
The prescription privileges of psychologists is probably NOT the cause for______.

A. divisions within the psychological field
B. their overwhelming oppositions to the gaining of such a right
C. a greater division between psychologists and other professions
D. a greater unity between psychologists and other professions

Around the world young people are spending unbelievable sums of money to listen to rock music. Forbes magazine claims that【31】least fifty rock stars have【32】of between two million and six million dollars per year.
Those who love rock music【33】about two billion dollars a year for records. They pay 150 million to see rock stars in【34】. Some observers think the customers are buying more that music. According to one【35】, rock music has a special【36】because .no real training is needed to produce it. There is no gulf【37】the audience and the performer. Every boy and girl in the audience【38】, "I could sing like that".【39】rock has become a new kind of religion, a new form. of worship. Young people are【40】to pay to worship a rock star because it is a way of worshipping【41】
How do the rock stars use their money? What do they do when the money starts【42】in like water? Most of the young stars simply throw the money【43】. Many【44】stars live like Grace Slick and the Jefferson Airplane. Those performers return from a【45】, pay their bills, and buy new toys. Then when they need money again, they do【46】tour. They save no money, buy no stocks, and live from【47】to mouth.
In the end the rock star's life is【48】. After two or three years riches and fame are gone. Left with his memories and his tax problems, the【49】ex-performer spends his remaining years trying to impress strangers. New stars have arrived to take his【50】
(1)

A. of
B. at
C. in
D. for

Japanese scientists are at last actively entering the debate over the government's controversial reform. plan, which targets not only ailing government organizations but also some of Japan's best basic research institutes for conversion to agency status. This status would give them independence in management but require them to have their performance evaluated by external assessment bodies.
This publication has long advocated giving greater autonomy and responsibility to the institutions administered by Japan's Ministry of Education and Science, including universities and the institutes for joint university use. An independent management system would allow increased flexibility in funding. Furthermore, without the restrictions imposed by the civil service law, researchers would be free to carry out entrepreneurial activities, such as setting up venture businesses and carrying out joint research with private companies.
The government's reform. plan moves in this direction but, as it stands, its flaws are far more obvious than its potential benefits. Opposition to reform. of the universities has succeeded in delaying further changes until at least 2003, giving time for the fundamental reshaping required. Many fundamental steps need to be taken, such as implementation of a national external review system and of competent new administration, before universities will be ready for agency status. But other institutions would face more immediate problems if the current proposals are implemented.
The reform. plan, which is part of the government's drive to improve the country's administration across the board, has met strong opposition from the outset, with targeted institutes arguing against the government's claim that the changes are necessary to run them more efficiently. Such resistance is hardly surprising given the plan's rationalization targets and costcutting measures. The government has also made clear its intention to close down, merge or privatize institutes that fail to meet their performance-related targets. But, following compromises by the government with stronger ministries over its plan to reduce the number of civil servants by 25 percent, there is disproportionate pressure on research institutes to cut their costs.
As a result, the National Research Institutes for Joint University Use are at risk; they are all renowned for the quality of their basic research. More thought must be given to decisions concerning such high-quality institutes, whose activities are ill-suited to targets based on cost performance. The government should create a separate agency plan for institutes carrying out basic research, so that appropriate evaluation systems and performance-related targets can be introduced, with goals and support established over periods of 5—10 years, reflecting the longterm character of fundamental research.
The passage is mainly discussing the fact that______.

A. the scientific community needs urgently to develop stronger advocacy
B. the requirements of basic research institutes must help the reform. plan
C. the lack of communication between the government and the researchers
D. Japan is to create world-class "centres of excellence"

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