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The ownership of pets brings a variety of benefits that the uninitiated would never believe. For every tale of shredded cushion, flattened plants, and chew slippers, there is another testimony of intelligence, sympathy and undying devotion. Now the growing body of research into the medical and social advantages of pet ownership has confirmed what pet owners have always intuitively known that pets are not just loving companions but actually do us good. Researchers have established the value of pets in soothing and reassuring humans, particularly when ill, lonely or in distress. Perhaps the unquestioning love and approval pets give us is something we don’t always get from out human nearest and dearest.Our makeshift understanding psychology leads many of us to view very close relationships with pets with suspicion. Childless couples in particular give rise to speculation, but a consultant in animal behavior says, "There is no evidence that a pet is a direct substitute for child." And while many adults feel foolish if caught talking to their pets, they have no need to. The experts say you cannot have a close relationship with a pet without treating it as a person, and that talking to a pet is not unhealthy — simply a way of establishing camaraderie.The shaking helplessness of a young puppy or fluffy kitten stirs protective instincts deep within us and prompts many parents to buy pets for their children in the hope of instilling a sense of responsibility and caring and acceptance of the facts of life and death. Hut animals don’t have to be soft and fond to bring out the best in us. A social worker encouraged aggressive boys to handle ferrets — "if handled correctly they respond with friendship; if incorrectly they bite."There seems to be no doubt that, emotionally and physically, our pets do us good — there is a price to be paid. When loved animal dies, it is often a traumatic event — and then where do we turn for comfort Pets are sometimes criticized because they（）
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M: Susan, have you read the notice on the bulletin board I’ve won the scholarship for the next semester.W: I knew you would. You certainly deserved it. What does the woman mean（）
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Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32-35London taxi drivers know the capital like the back of their hands. No matter how small or indistinct the street is, the driver will be able to get you there without any trouble. The reason London taxi drivers are so efficient is that they all have gone through a very tough training period to get special taxi driving license. During this period, which can take two to four years, the would-be taxi driver has to learn the most direct route to every single road and to every important building in London. To achieve this, most learners go around the city on small motor- bikes practicing how to move to and from different points of the city. Learner taxi drivers are tested several times during the training period by government officers. The exams are terrible experience. The officers ask you "How do you get from Birmingham palace to the Tower of London" and you have to take them there in the direct line. When you get to the tower, they won’t say "well done ’. They quickly move on to the next question. After five or six questions, they will just say "See you in two months’ time." and then you know the exam is over. Learner drivers are not al lowed to work and earn money as drivers. There fore, many of them keep their previous jobs until they have obtained the license. The training can cost quite a lot, because learners have to pay for their own expenses on the tests and the medical exam. What does the would-be taxi driver have to learn during the teaining period（）
Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29-31In America, self-improvement is a national pastime. Every year, more and more Americans spend their leisure time trying to improve themselves one way or another.One popular form of self-improvement is the search for physical fitness. Thousands of Americans who never exercised are now out on the streets jogging in fashionable running suits and expensive sneakers. They boast of how many miles they run each day and of how many pounds they lose each week. Others are turning to swimming, tennis, dance, and the martial arts to improve their physical fitness.Instead of running around the park in the morning or evening, other Americans are studying yoga or are meditating quietly in their homes. They are seeking to improve themselves by finding peace and tranquility.Adult education is another form of self-improvement. After a hard day’s work, many Americans take evening courses at a local high school or college. There they can study a variety of subjects. Often these people are preparing to return to the job market or trying to qualify themselves for better jobs. A mother busy raising her children might attend night school to learn secretarial skills. A secretary might return to study accounting. Some retired people go back for the education they missed at an earlier age. Why do some retired people go back for education（）
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