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案例分析题Questions 22-31:The first peoples to inhabit what today is the southeastern United States sustained themselves as hunters and gathers. Sometimes early in the first millennium A.D., however, they began to cultivate corn and other crops. Gradually, as they became more skilled at gardening, they settled into permanent villages and developed a rich culture, characterized by the great earthen mounds they erected as monuments to their gods and as tombs for their distinguished dead. Most of these early mound builders were part of the Adena-Hopewell culture, which had its beginnings near the Ohio River and takes its name from sites in Ohio. The culture spread southward into the present-day states of Louisiana, Alabama, Georgia, and Florida. Its peoples became great traders, bartering jewellery, pottery, animal pelts, tools, and other goods along extensive trading networks that stretched up and down eastern North America and as far west as the Rocky Mountains.About A.D. 400, the Hopewell culture fell into decay. Over the next centuries, it was supplanted by another culture, the Mississippian, named after the river along which many of its earliest villages were located. This complex civilization dominated the Southeast from about A.D. 700 until shortly before the Europeans began arriving in the sixteenth century. At the peak of its strength, about the year 1200, it was the most advanced culture in North America. Like their Hopewell predecessors, the Mississippians became highly skilled at growing food, although on a grander scale. They developed an improved strain of corn, which could survive in wet soil and a relatively cool climate, and also learned to cultivate beans. Indeed, agriculture became so important to the Mississippians that it became closely associated with the Sun --- the guarantor of good crops. Many tribes called themselves "children of the Sun" and believed their omnipotent priest-chiefs were descendants of the great sun god.Although most Mississippians lived in small villages, many others inhabited large towns. Most of these towns boasted at least one major flat-topped mound on which stood a temple that contained a sacred flame. Only priests and those charged with guarding the flame could enter the temples. The mounds also served as ceremonial and trading sites, and at times they were used as burial grounds. The phrase "charged with" in line 26 is closest in meaning to（）
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（2006年）案情：老方创作的纪实小说《村支书的苦与乐》，以某县吴村村支部书记吴某为原型进行创作，其中描述了他与村霸林申（以林甲为原型）之间斗智斗勇的冲突场面。小说在《山南海北》杂志发表后，林甲认为小说将村支书作为正义的化身进行描述，将自己作为“村霸”进行刻画，侵犯其名誉权。林甲起诉老方，请求赔偿经济损失2万元并赔礼道歉。法院受理本案后，追加杂志社为共同被告。由于林甲死亡，法院变更其子林乙为原告，其后又准许林乙将请求赔偿经济损失的数额变更为3万元。一审过程中，被告提出了当地镇党委处理林甲相关问题的决定（档案材料）作为证据，证明小说的描述有事实根据。一审判决认为，镇党委办公室虽然给老方提供了处理决定（档案材料），但并未明确同意可据此创作小说，故该材料不能作为证据；同时认为，杂志社编辑与作家老方和林甲虽不认识，难以核实有关事实，但也不能免除侵权责任，故认定老方和杂志社构成侵权，判决赔偿经济损失3万元，并在《山南海北》上刊登小说情节失实的声明以消除影响。判决未涉及赔礼道歉的问题。林乙、老方和杂志社均提出了上诉，二审法院经过书面审查，未接触当事人，直接裁定撤销原判发回重审。一审法院经过重审，判决支持了原告的全部诉讼请求，双方当事人均未再提出上诉。老方和杂志社在判决确定的期限内履行了赔偿义务，但拒绝赔礼道歉。问题： 如何评价法院一审判决？为什么？
（2006年）案情：老方创作的纪实小说《村支书的苦与乐》，以某县吴村村支部书记吴某为原型进行创作，其中描述了他与村霸林申（以林甲为原型）之间斗智斗勇的冲突场面。小说在《山南海北》杂志发表后，林甲认为小说将村支书作为正义的化身进行描述，将自己作为“村霸”进行刻画，侵犯其名誉权。林甲起诉老方，请求赔偿经济损失2万元并赔礼道歉。法院受理本案后，追加杂志社为共同被告。由于林甲死亡，法院变更其子林乙为原告，其后又准许林乙将请求赔偿经济损失的数额变更为3万元。一审过程中，被告提出了当地镇党委处理林甲相关问题的决定（档案材料）作为证据，证明小说的描述有事实根据。一审判决认为，镇党委办公室虽然给老方提供了处理决定（档案材料），但并未明确同意可据此创作小说，故该材料不能作为证据；同时认为，杂志社编辑与作家老方和林甲虽不认识，难以核实有关事实，但也不能免除侵权责任，故认定老方和杂志社构成侵权，判决赔偿经济损失3万元，并在《山南海北》上刊登小说情节失实的声明以消除影响。判决未涉及赔礼道歉的问题。林乙、老方和杂志社均提出了上诉，二审法院经过书面审查，未接触当事人，直接裁定撤销原判发回重审。一审法院经过重审，判决支持了原告的全部诉讼请求，双方当事人均未再提出上诉。老方和杂志社在判决确定的期限内履行了赔偿义务，但拒绝赔礼道歉。问题： 如何评价法院在一审程序中的做法？
（2007年）2005年6月5日，1988年7月21日出生的高中一年级学生小龙，因寰宇公司的公交车司机张某紧急刹车而受伤，花去若干医疗费。2006年2月小龙伤愈继续上学，写了授权委托书给其父李某，让他代理其提起诉讼。李某以正当的诉讼参加人的身份于2006年3月对寰宇公司及其司机张某提起了诉讼，要求寰宇公司和张某承担违约责任。在诉讼进行中，李某将要求被告承担违约责任改为被告承担侵权责任，要求赔偿医疗费、护理费、误工费等各项费用共2.8万元。本案被告在答辩中认为，司机紧急刹车是因为行人陈某违章过路引起，责任应当由陈某承担，因此要求追加陈某作为无独立请求权的第三人参加诉讼。请回答以下问题。 法院就追加行人陈某作为无独立请求权的第三人参加诉讼，正确的做法是（）。
（2007年）2005年6月5日，1988年7月21日出生的高中一年级学生小龙，因寰宇公司的公交车司机张某紧急刹车而受伤，花去若干医疗费。2006年2月小龙伤愈继续上学，写了授权委托书给其父李某，让他代理其提起诉讼。李某以正当的诉讼参加人的身份于2006年3月对寰宇公司及其司机张某提起了诉讼，要求寰宇公司和张某承担违约责任。在诉讼进行中，李某将要求被告承担违约责任改为被告承担侵权责任，要求赔偿医疗费、护理费、误工费等各项费用共2.8万元。本案被告在答辩中认为，司机紧急刹车是因为行人陈某违章过路引起，责任应当由陈某承担，因此要求追加陈某作为无独立请求权的第三人参加诉讼。请回答以下问题。 本案参加诉讼的人在诉讼中的正确地位是（）。
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