请运用中国法制史的理论和知识对下列材料进行分析,并回答问题: 薛允升《唐明律合编》:“奸党等条,皆洪武年间增定者也。明祖猜忌臣下无弊不防,所定之律亦苛刻显著;凡所以防臣下之揽权专擅,交接党援者,固已不遗余力矣。”《明史•汤和传》指出:“当时公、侯诸宿将坐奸党,先后丽法,稀得免者。” 问题: (1)这两段文字所指“奸党”具体是什么含义? (2)这两段文字的基本含义是什么? (3)这两段文字反映了当时何种立法宗旨? (4)试从正反两方面阐释这两段文字所反映的问题。
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某机电公司专门经营生产资料,该公司要求对每种商品进行量本利分析,并对每种商品提出盈利目标,并要求每个业务员制定实现目标盈利额的具体措施。 该公司的业务员张三,根据我国房地产市场迅速发展的情况,估计搞房屋装修的居民将增多,决订购进一批双重绝缘冲击电钻,以满足市场需求。该种双重绝缘冲击电钻的销售价格(C2)为380元/台,单位商品变动成本(C1)为330元/台,固定成本分摊(K0为6000元),公司要求经销双重绝缘冲击电钻的目标盈利额(J)为4500元。 业务员张三经过市场调查和预测,预计该种双重绝缘电钻的销售量为250台,能为本公司实现盈利( )。
A. 6500元
B. 9000元
C. 8500元
D. 7600元
Text One summer night, on my way home from work I decided to see a movie. I knew the theatre would be airconditioned and I couldn’t face my (26) apartment. Sitting in the theatre I had to look through the (27) between the two tall heads in front of me. I had to keep changing the (28) every time she leaned over to talk to him, (29) he leaned over to kiss her. Why do Americans display such (30) in a public place I thought the movie would be good for my English, but (31) it turned out, it was an Italian movie. (32) about an hour I decided to give up on the movie and (33) on my popcorn. I’ve never understood why they give you so much popcorn! It tasted pretty good, (34) . Alter a while I heard (35) more of the romantic-sounding Italians. I just heard the (36) of the popcorn crunching between my teeth. My thought started to (37) . I remembered when I was in South Korea, I (38) to watch Kodak on TV frequently. He spoke perfect Korean -- I was really amazed. He seemed like a good friend to me, (39) I saw him again in New York speaking (40) English instead of perfect Korean. He didn’t even have a Korean accent and I (41) like I had been betrayed. When our family moved to the United States six years ago, none of us spoke any English. (42) we had begun to learn a few words, my mother suggested that we all should speak English at home. Everyone. agreed, but our house became very (43) and we all seemed to avoid each’ other. We sat at the dinner table in silence, preferring that to (44) a difficult language. Mother tried to say something in English but it (45) out all wrong and we all burst into laughter and decided to forget it! We’ve been speaking Korean at home ever since.
A. wonder
B. wander
C. imagine
D. depart
2005年6月6日,中国绿原公司与德国东门子贸易公司签订了出口绿豆的合同。主要成交条件是:CIF汉堡每箱35美元,8月装船。2005年8月10日,该批绿豆10000箱经中国商检部门检验合格后装上了速达公司的“大鹏”号轮,装船前托运人指示承运人在运输中应注意适当对绿豆货舱通风降温。承运人收货后签发了清洁提单。绿原公司向中国人民保险公司投保了一切险。在运输途中“大鹏”轮与美国某航运公司“北极熊”号货轮发生碰撞,导致“大鹏”轮部分货舱进水,使2000箱绿豆及其他货物湿损。为修理该船以便继续航行,该轮开进附近的避难港,并发生了避难港费用和必要的船舶修理费用。“大鹏”轮到达目的港后,收货人发现余下的8000箱绿豆已发霉,经查绿豆发霉是运输中未适当通风导致货舱温度过高所致。依《海牙规则》的规定,下列选项正确的是( )。
A. 对于2000箱货物的湿损,应由收货人向保险人提出索赔,因为承运人有航行过失免责
B. 承运人应当赔偿收货人8000箱发霉的绿豆的损失,因为承运人负有管货责任
C. 对于8000箱货物的损失,如果承运人拒绝赔偿,收货人可以向保险人提出索赔请求
D. 避难港费用是为船货各方的共同利益而发生的,船舶的修理费用是为安全完成本次航程而发生的必须费用,应由受益的各方分摊