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Which group reported the biggest number of stressful days？
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The Science of Persuasion
If leadership consists of getting things done through others, then persuasion is one of the leader's essential tools. Many executives have assumed that this tool is beyond their grasp, available only to the charismatic （有魅力的） and the eloquent. Over the past several decades, though, experimental psychologists have learned which methods reliably lead people to concede, comply, or change. Their research shows that persuasion is governed by several principles that can be taught and applied.
The first principle is that people are more likely to follow someone who is similar to them than someone who is not. Wise managers, then, ask peers to help make their cases. Second, people are more willing to cooperate with those who are not only like them but who like them, as well. So it's worth the time to uncover real similarities and offer genuine praise.
Third, experiments confirm the intuitive truth that people tend to treat you the way you treat them. It's sound policy to do a favor before seeking one. Fourth, individuals are more likely to keep promises they make voluntarily and clearly. The message for managers here is to get commitments in writing. Fifth, studies show that people really do defer to （服从） experts. So before they attempt to exert influence, executives should take pains to establish their own expertise and not assume that it's self-evident. Finally, people want more of a commodity when it's scarce; it follows, then, that exclusive information is more persuasive than widely available data.
第 16 题 Experiments have confirmed the'assumption of many executives.
The less advantaged people aye，the greater______．
Man of Few Words
Everyone chases success, but not all of us want to be famous.
South African writer John Maxwell Coetzee is_______（51） for keeping himself to himself. When the 63-year-old was named the 2003 Nobel Prize winner for literature earlier this month, reporters were warned that they would find him "particularly difficult to_______（52）".
Coetzee lives in Australia but spends part of the year teaching at the University of Chicago. He seemed_______（53） by the news that he won the US$1.3 million prize. "It came as a complete surprise. I wasn't even aware they were due to make the announcement," he said.
His_______（54） of privacy led to doubts as to whether Coetzee will attend the prize-giving in Stockholm, Sweden, on December 10.
But despite being described as_______（55） to track down, the critics agree that his writing is easy to get to know.
Born in Cape Town, South Africa, to an English-speaking family, Coetzee_______（56） his breakthrough in 1980 with the novel "Waiting for the Barbarians （野蛮）". He_______（57） his place among the world's leading writers with two Booker prize victories, Britain's highest honour for novels. He first_______（58） in 1983 for the "Life and Times of Michael K", and his second title came in 1999 for "Disgrace".
A major theme in his work is South Africa's former apartheid （种族隔离） system, which divided whites from blacks._______（59） with the problems of violence, crime and racial division that still exist in the country, his books have enabled ordinary people to understand apartheid_______（60） within.
"I have always been more interested in the past than the future," he said in a rare interview. "The past_______（61） its shadow over the present. I hope I have made one or two people think_______（62） about whether they want to forget the past completely."
In fact this purity in his writing seems to be_______（63） in his personal life. Coetzee is a vegetarian, a cyclist rather than a motorist and doesn't drink alcohol.
But what he has_______（64） to literature, culture and the people of South Africa is far greater than the things he has given up. "In looking at weakness and failure in life,"the Nobel prize judging panel said, "Coetzee's work_______（65） the divine （神圣的）spark in man."
第 52 题
Technology Transfer in Germany
When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success, few.nations can match Germany. Since the 1940s, the nation's vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science. And though German prosperity （繁荣） has faltered （衰退） over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline, it still has an enviable record for turning ideas into profit.
Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society, a network of research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies. But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition. Universities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer, and technology parks are springing up all over. These efforts are being complemented by the federal programmes for pumping money into start-up companies.
Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success, but it is not without.its critics. These people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglecting basic science, eventually starving industry of fresh ideas. If every scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur（企业家）, the argument goes, then the traditional principles of university research being curiosity-driven, free and widely available will suffer. Others claim that many of the programmes to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years.
While this debate continues, new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germany's research networks, which bear famous names such as Helmholtz, Max Planck and Leibniz. Yet it is the fourth network, the Fraunhofer Society, that plays the greatest role in technology transfer.
Founded in 1949, the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe's largest organisation for applied technology, and has 59 institutes employing 12, 000 people. It continues to grow. Last year, it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in Berlin. Today, there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asia.
第 31 题 What factor can be attributed to German prosperity.
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