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阅读下面短文，回答下列五道题。 通过对基因的研究和开发，可以生产出大量为人们所需要的产品，并形成开发、营销、消费、扩大再生产等一条龙的经济体系，以此满足人们日益增长的物质与精神需求，为国民经济的发展和人们的生活开辟巨大的发展空间。基因经济，又称生物技术经济，无疑是今天知识经济的重要组成部分，离开了基因经济是不能形成完整的知识经济或新经济的。基因经济还具有广阔的发展空间。这一切是因为无论是植物，还是动物(包括人类)，都具有DNA和各种功能基因，正是它们创造了世上的万事万物，无论是物质的，还是精神的。 基因经济的价值体现在其产品的开发和利用上，即发现和利用功能基因。一是人类基因产品。例如，一个肥胖基因的发现和转让，价值1.4亿美元，而利用这一基因生产的供千千万万越来越肥胖的人消费的减肥产品所获利润将是这一基因转让费的十倍至百倍。照此推论，人类基因组的几万个功能基因将会创造天文数字的财富。其次是植物(物别是农作物)基因产品。例如，美国的转基因食品如玉米、西红柿、土豆等，去年仅国内的销售利润就达100多亿美元。据估计，在今后5年内美国的基因工程产品和食品市场规模将达到200亿美元，10年后将达到750亿美元。另外还有各种转基因动物创造的基因产品。荷兰金发马公司的转基因乳牛可以产出含有乳铁蛋白的牛奶和奶粉，这种产品每年的销售额就达50亿美元。英国罗斯林研究所所创造的能分泌a1(下标)-抗胰蛋白酶的转基因羊每头也价值 30亿美元，因为它们能分泌出一种特殊的酶可以治疗肺气肿。至于其他被称为动物药厂的各种转基因动物其经济价值就难以估算了。再有，如果这些研究机构和公司上市和发行股票，其上帝价值丝毫不会逊色于信息经济的规模，而且无论在人们的观念中，还是从实际的效益来看，基因产品和经济都没有网络那种虚拟的泡沫成分，而是实打实的产物和经济。 但是在今天的新经济热中，基因经济的发展却受到制约，这种制约在人类基因上尤为突出。早在人类基因组研究之初，发展中国家的代表在1992年5月巴西召开的人类南北基因组会议上就提出，你们(发达国家)过去已经夺走了我们的石油、黄金，现在又要夺走我们身上仅剩的财富——基因。从此，作为一种看似正义的呼声——基因是人类共有的财富，任何人都不得把它们占为已有并以此谋取巨额财富——就成为了一种表面上的共识，并在一定程度上抑制了基因产品的研究和开发。就在人类基因组计划取得重大突破并预计将提前的2003年完成所有DNA的测序时，按西方惯例向来不干预科学研究和开发的政府首脑现在亲自出面过问基因研究了。2003年3月14日，美国总统克林顿和英国首相布莱尔共同发表声明，呼吁把有关人类基因的所有原始研究资料，包括DNA测序和基因蓝图向全世界公开，让所有的人共事有这一人类丰盛的“晚宴”。美国国家人类基因组研究所所长科林斯和美国国家卫生研究院前院长瓦穆斯也一直在试图说服美国专利和商标局不要对简单的基因发现授予专利权。 问题的另一面则是，基因研究和产品开发是高技术的复杂而艰苦的劳动以及高风险的巨额投资，无论是投资者还是劳动者都有权提出高额回报的要求，寻求知识专利和保护基因研究的成果和产品也是理所当然的。美国加州大学开发了一种人类生长激素的基因产品，但美国基因技术公司未经同意就利用这种产品，于是前者将后者告上法庭，虽然最终以后者败诉并固侵犯专利而赔偿前者2亿美元告结束，但这一事件所触发的问题还是引起了广泛的关注。美国PTO的生物技术负责人多尔所说，总统的热情支持并不具备法律效力，总统们的呼吁“根本不会影响到生物技术专利的申报”，因此也阻挡不了生物技术公司利用基因专利营利的步伐。 以下不属于基因产品的一项是______。
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How Geniuses Work Without a doubt, Einstein was a genius. So was Isaac Newton, who invented Physics. He also played a big role in the development of Calculus (微积分学), which some people have trouble comprehending even after extensive classroom study. Another genius, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, started composing music when he was 5 years old. Mozart wrote hundreds of pieces before his death in 1760 at age 35.The understanding of genius According to conventional wisdom, geniuses are different from everyone else. They can think faster and better than other people. In addition, many people think that all that extra brainpower leads to strange behavior. And although geniuses are fairly easy to spot, defining exactly what makes one person a genius is a little trickier. Figuring out how that person became a genius is harder still. There are two big things that make it difficult to study genius. First, the genius label is subjective. Some people insist that anyone with an intelligence quotient (IQ) higher than a certain value be a genius. Others feel that IQ tests measure only a limited part of a person’s total intelligence. Some believe high test scores have little to do with real genius. Second, genius is a big picture concept. Most scientific and medical inquiries, on the other hand, examine details. A concept as subjective as genius isn’t easy to quantify, analyze or study. So, when exploring how geniuses work, it’s a good idea to start by defining precisely what a genius is. A genius isn’t simply someone with an exceptionally high IQ. Instead, a genius is an extraordinarily intelligent person who breaks new ground with discoveries, inventions or works of art. Usually, a genius’ work changes the way people view the world or the field in which the work took place. In other words, a genius must be both intelligent and able to use that intelligence in a productive or impressive way.Genius and the brain The cerebral cortex (大脑皮层), the outermost part of your brain, is where thought and reasoning happen. These are your brain’s higher functions, which relate to basic survival, take place deeper in the brain. Your cerebral cortex is the largest part of your brain, and it’s full of wrinkles and folds. If you removed and stretched out an adult human’s cerebral cortex, it would be about as large as a few pages of a newspaper. It’s divided into several lobes (圆形的突起), and different regions within these lobes handle specific tasks related to how you think. Researchers have so far only figured out a few things about how the brain affects intelligence. A 2004 study at the University of California found that the volume of gray matter in parts of the cerebral cortex had a greater impact on intelligence than the brain’s total volume. The findings suggest that the physical attributes of many parts of the brain determine how smart a person is. A 2006 paper in the journal Nature theorized that the way the brain develops is more important than the size of the brain itself. A person’s cerebral cortex gets thicker during childhood and thinner during youth, According to the study, the brains of children with higher IQs thickened faster than those of other children. Studies also suggest that, to some extent, children inherit intelligence from their parents. Some researchers theorize that this is because the physical structure of the brain can be an inherited trait. In addition, the process of becoming really good at something both requires and encourages your brain to wire itself to handle that particular task better.Genius and intelligence Like genius, intelligence can be difficult to quantify. Psychologists study intelligence extensively. An entire field of study, known as psychometrics (心理测验学), is devoted to studying and measuring intelligence. But even within that field, experts don’t always agree on exactly what it is or how best to analyze it. And while intelligence is central to genius, not all geniuses score well on intelligence tests or perform well in school. Intelligence testing has existed for thousands of years. The best known IQ tests started near the end of the 19th century. Today, IQ tests generally measure a person’s memory, language and mathematical abilities. IQ tests are also standardized so that most people score between 90 and 110. A common perception is that anyone scoring above a certain number—often 140—is automatically a genius. But in spite of the existence of high IQ organizations, many scientists caution that there is no such thing as a genius level IQ. Many educators and researchers feel that, in general, standardized IQ tests do a good job of predicting how well a child will perform in school. Schools often use these tests to determine which children to place in gifted or special education classes. Most colleges and universities and some employers also use standardized tests as part of their application processes. However, in spite of their prevalence, these tests are not safe enough. In general, some minorities and people with lower income levels tend to score lower than people from other racial and economic groups. Critics contend that this makes IQ tests invalid. In addition, some researchers argue that the concept of IQ is too limiting and doesn’t really give a full view of a person’s intelligence. They feel that intelligence is a combination of many factors.Genius and creativity There’s a big difference between being really smart and being a genius. While geniuses tend to be exceptionally intelligent, they also use imagination and creativity to invent, discover or create something new within their field of interest. They break new ground rather than simply remembering existing information. Geniuses do not usually operate in isolation, either. Nearly all of them analyze the work of other great minds and use that information to make new discoveries. Self taught geniuses, on the other hand, often explore information in unexpected ways, due in part to their lack of formal training. In either case, the ability to imagine new possibilities is as important as general intelligence. Like intelligence, creativity and imagination can be difficult to isolate, quantify or explain. Some researchers believe that creative people have less potential inhibition than other people. Potential inhibition is the unconscious ability to ignore unimportant stimuli. Researchers think that creative people either receive more stimuli from the world around them or ignore less of it. This may also explain why creative people seem to be more prone to mental illness. The creativity of geniuses also relates to productivity and hard work. Sometimes, the most dramatic examples of genius involve people who produce their best work at a very young age. However, not every genius produces exceptional work early in life the way Einstein and Mozart did. Some, like Ludwig yon Beethoven, do their best work later in life. We may never know precisely where creativity comes from, why some people use their creativity more than others or why some people are most creative during specific times in their lives. We may not learn how one person ends up with the right balance of brainpower, intelligence and creativity to become a genius. But it’s clear that geniuses are central to advancements in science, technology and understanding. Without geniuses, our understanding of mathematics, literature and music would be completely different. Concepts that we now take for granted, like gravity, planetary orbits and black holes, might still he undiscovered. Some creative people receive more stimuli from the outside world or ignore less of it, so they are more likely to suffer from ______ .
患者，男性，68岁。2天前无诱因排成形黑便，每日1次。1天前于餐后呕咖啡样物约200ml，伴头晕、心慌。发病前2天因头晕服血栓通治疗。发病以来，乏力，体重下降5kg。否认肝炎病史。查体：血压100/70mmHg，脉搏90次/分，巩膜苍白，无黄染，无肝掌及蜘蛛痣，心肺未见异常，腹软，无腹壁静脉曲张，上腹轻压痛，未及包块，肝脾肋下未及。 提示：化验：ALT 35U/L，GGT 55U/L，Alb 31.6g/L，Anti-HBs(+)。追问病史，半年前体检B超发现脾稍大。 问题2：应考虑的诊断有 1．食管溃疡 2．食管贲门粘膜撕裂症 3．消化性溃疡 4．急性胃粘膜病变 5．胃癌 6．肝硬化 7．胆道出血 8．慢性胰腺炎
阅读下面短文，回答下列五道题。 ①“人之患在好为人师”，变为成语就是四个字“好为人师”，用以批评那些不谦虚，喜欢以教育别人姿态出现的人。 ②其实，在不少情况下，“好为人师”并不错。“闻道有先后，术业有专攻”，如果你的知识比某人多，经验比人家丰富，在别人需要的情况下，给别人作些知识传授或经验介绍，不是应当称颂的吗 ③一个人长了嘴巴，不说话就是“失职”，遇到别人在认识上有缺陷或错误时，能抱着同志式的热忱，给以教育和帮助，是应当提倡的。比如，你看见人家写错了字，告诉他一声，这个字应当怎样写，这样“好为人师”，人家是欢迎的。 ④另一种立意，可以把“师”理解成“教师”，教师本是“太阳底下最光辉的事业”，但是，有些人在经济大潮冲击下，加之旧的传统观念影响，多不愿当老师，而那些有志于教育事业的青年人，“好为人师”，则是应当受到鼓励的。全国特级教师魏书生本是一名工人，为了实现自己的愿望，一共向各级政府部门打了二十几份申请报告。近年来，有的地方在高考时，师范院校提前招生，有的地方在高校录取时，师范院校降档录取，无疑都是在鼓励考生“好为人师”。 ⑤还可以将“好”的意思理解为努力、认真的意思。即，要好好地当个人民教师。教师担负着教育下一代的重任，必须全身心地投入，但是，由于种种原因造成了教师待遇低，社会地位不高，使得一部分教师跳槽改行，“下海”经商，另一部分教师人在课堂，心在市场，以本职工作为副，以第二职业为主，使得教育工作受到了不良的影响，这是应当否定的。一方面，有关部门要关心教师，使之“好为人师”；另一方面，当教师的要立足本职，当好教师，不能误人子弟。 本文中作者对“好为人师”的“师”的解释是______。
Many students find the experience of attending university lectures to be a confusing and frustrating experience. The lecturer speaks for one or two hours, perhaps (67) the talk with slides, writing up important information on the blackboard, (68) reading material and giving out (69) . The new student sees the other students continuously writing on notebooks and (70) what to write. Very often the student leaves the lecture (71) notes which do not catch the main points and (72) become hard even for the (73) to understand. Most institutions provide courses which (74) new students to develop the skills they need to be (75) listeners and also note-takers. (76) these are unavailable, there are many useful study-skills guides which (77) learners to practice these skills (78) . In all cases it is important to (79) the problem and grasp these skills (80) actually starting your studies. It is important to (81) that most students have difficulty in acquiring the language skills (82) in college study. One way of (83) these difficulties is to attend the language and study-skills classes which most institutions provide throughout the (84) year. Another basic (85) is to find a study partner (86) it is possible to identify difficulties, exchange ideas and provide support.
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