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The tourist trade is booming. With all this coming and going, you’d expect greater’ understanding to develop between the nations of the world. Not a bit of it! Superb systems of communication by air, sea and land make it possible for us to visit each other’s countries at a moderate cost. What was once the grand tour, reserved for only the very rich, is now within everybody’s grasp The package tour and chartered flights are not to be sneered at. Modern travelers enjoy a level of comfort which the lords and ladies on grand tours in the old days couldn’t have dreamed of. But what’s the sense of this mass exchange of populations if the nations of the world remain basically ignorant of each other’Many tourist organizations are directly responsible for this state of affairs. They deliberately set out to protect their clients from too much contact with the local population. The modern tourist leads a cosseted, sheltered life. He lives at international hotels. where he eats his international food and sips his international drink while he gazes at the natives from a distance. Conducted tours to places of interest are carefully censored. The tourist is allowed to see only what the organizers want him to see and no more. A strict schedule makes it impossible for the tourist to wander off on his own; and anyway, language is always a barrier, so he is only too happy to be protected in this way. At its very worst, this leads to a new and hideous kind of colonization. The summer quarters of the inhabitants of the cite universitaire : are temporarily reestablished on the island of Corfu. Blackpoll is recreated at Torremolinos where the traveler goes not to eat paella, but fish and chips.The sad thing about this situation is that it leads to the persistence of national stereotypes. We don’t see the people of other nations as they really are, but as we have been brought up to believe they are. You can test this for yourself. Take five nationalities, say, French, German, English, American and Italian. Now in your mind, match them with these five adjectives: musical, amorous, cold, pedantic, native. Far from providing us with any insight into the national characteristics of the peoples just mentioned, these adjectives actually act as barriers. So when you set out on your travels, the only characteristics you notice are those which confirm your preconceptions. You come away with the highly unoriginal and inaccurate impression that, say, Anglo-Saxons are hypocrites of that Latin peoples shout a lot. You only have to make a few foreign friends to understand how absurd and harmful national stereotypes are. But how can you make foreign friends when the tourist trade does its best to prevent you Carried to an extreme, stereotypes can be positively dangerous. Wild generalizations stir up racial hatred and blind us to the basic fact--how trite it sounds! That all people are human. We are all similar to each other and at the same time all unique. Which word in the following is the best to summarize Latin people shout a lot（）
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Education is too important to take (1) , when people take anything for seriously, they put (2) blinders which cause them to miss the important aspects of (3) is going on around them. They (4) "tunnel vision," which limits and distorts their perception of (5) Education is too important to be limited by those who have chosen to wear blinders and develop tunnel vision.I believe the (6) movement has encouraged many educators to take education too seriously. (7) we take education too seriously, we put standardized (8) scores above children, we put lesson plans above teachers, and we put on our blinders, only to see a rather small segment of the child--that segment that can be (9) easily (10) than looking at the child as a whole. By looking at the whole student, we can get a (11) of whether that student enjoys learning, (12) functioning well with others, and feels good (13) himself. How can we (14) off our blinders How can we eliminate tunnel vision to see the whole child How can we (15) take everything so seriously My recommendation is (16) laugh, teach, laugh!Psychologists have (17) believed that negative emotions cause negative chemical changes in the body. We know the (18) is also true. We know that a person with a good sense of humor has better healing (19) . Laughter actually relaxes the muscles, allows the heartbeat and lowers the blood pressure. Laughter stirs the inside and gets tile endocrine system moving, which can be quite (20) in alleviating disease. Laughter also relieves boredom, tension, guilt, depression, headaches, and backaches. 7（）
A well-meaning lady gave Robert a wrong （）and he finished at the theatre instead of the school.
His parents never intended （）together with him though they hoped to see him often.
Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of a given group of people. In this sense, every group has a culture, however savage, underdeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us. To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic hierarchy among languages.People once thought of the languages of backward groups as savage, undeveloped forms of speech, consisting largely of grunts and groans. While it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of "backward" languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most language of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex, delicate, and. ingenious pieces of machinery for the transfer of ideas. They fall behind our Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflects the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this department, however, two things are to be noted: 1. All languages seem to possess the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. 2. The objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in "backward" languages, while different from ours, are often surprisingly numerous and complicated. A Western language distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness ("this" and "that"); some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker, or to the person addressed, or removed from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future. According to the author, languages, whether civilized or not, have （）
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