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操作系统主要是对计算机系统中的全部软硬件资源进行管理，以方便用户提高计算机使用效率的一种系统软件。它的主要功能有：处理机管理、存储管理、 (28) 、作业管理、 (29) 。Windows是一个具有图形界面的 (30) 系统软件。UNIX操作系统基本上是采用 (31) 语言编制而成的系统软件。在 (32) 操作系统的控制下，计算机能及时处理由过程控制反馈的信息并作出响应。 28（）
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第三篇 If the salinity(含盐量) of ocean waters is analyzed, it is round to vary only slightly from place to place. Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation—conversion of liquid water to water vapor. In this manner, the salinity is increased, since the sales stay behind. If this is carried to the extreme, of course, white crystals of salt would be left behind; this, by the way, is how much of the table salt we use is actually obtained. The opposite of evaporation is precipitation, such as rain, by which water is added to the ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted so that the salinity is decreased. This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. Thus salinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation, or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation or runoff. Normally, in tropical regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. Similarly, in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas. A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of sea ice. When seawater is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behind. In this manner, seawater directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeared. Of course, when this ice melts, it will tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water. In the Weddell Sea, off Antarctica, the densest water in the oceans is formed as a result of this freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portions of the oceans of the world. What does the passage mainly discuss
给定节点的关键字序列(F,B,J,G,E,A,I,D,C,H)，对它按字母的字典顺序进行排列。采用不同方法，其最终结果相同，但中间结果是不同的。Shell排序的第一趟扫描(步长为5)结果应为 (72) 。冒泡排序(大数下沉)的第一趟起泡的效果是 (73) 。快速排序的第一趟结果是 (74) 。二路归并排序的第一趟结果是 (75) 。 （72）处填（）。
第二篇 The use of heat pumps has been held back largely by skepticism about advertisers’ claims that heat pumps can provide as many as two units of thermal energy for each unit of electrical energy used, thus apparently contradicting the principle of energy conservation. Heat pumps circulate a fluid refrigerant(致冷剂) that cycles alternatively from its liquid phase to its vapor phase in a closed loop. The refrigerant, starting as a low-temperature, lowpressure vapor, enters a compressor ’driven by an electric motor. The refrigerant leaves the compressor as a hot, dense vapor and flows through a heat exchanger called the condenser, which transfers heat from the refrigerant to a body of air. Now the refrigerant, as a high-pressure, cooled liquid confronts a flow restriction which causes the pressure to drop. As the pressure falls, the refrigerant expands and partially vaporizes, becoming chilled. It then passes through a second heat exchanger, the evaporator, which transfers heat from the air to the refrigerant, reducing the temperature o{ this second body of air. Of the two heat exchangers, one is located inside, and the other one outside the house, so each is in contact with a different body of air: room air and outside air, respectively. The flow direction of refrigerant through a heat pump is controlled by valves. When the refrigerant flow is reversed, the heat exchangers switch function. This flow-reversal capability allows heat exchangers switch function. This flow-reversal capability allows heat pumps either to heat or cool room air. Now, if under certain conditions a heat pump puts out more thermal energy than it consumes in electrical energy, has the law of energy conservation been challenged No, not even remotely: the additional input of thermal energy into the circulating refrigerant via the evaporator accounts for the difference in the energy equation. Unfortunately, there is one real problem. The heating capacity of a heat pump decreases as the outdoor temperature falls. The drop in capacity is caused by the lessening amount of refrigerant mass moved through the compressor at one time. The heating capacity is proportional to this mass flow rate: the less the mass of refrigerant being compressed, the less the thermal load it can transfer through the heat-pump cycle. The volume {low rate of refrigerant vapor through the single-speed rotary compressor used in heat pumps is approximately constant. But cold refrigerant vapor entering a compressor is at lower pressure than warmer vapor. Therefore, the mass of cold refrigerant—and thus the thermal energy it carries—is less than ii the refrigerant vapor were warmer before compression. Here, then, lies a genuine drawback of heat pumps: in extremely cold climates—where the most heat is needed—heat pumps are least able to supply enough heat. The primary purpose of the passage is to ______.
操作系统主要是对计算机系统中的全部软硬件资源进行管理，以方便用户提高计算机使用效率的一种系统软件。它的主要功能有：处理机管理、存储管理、 (28) 、作业管理、 (29) 。Windows是一个具有图形界面的 (30) 系统软件。UNIX操作系统基本上是采用 (31) 语言编制而成的系统软件。在 (32) 操作系统的控制下，计算机能及时处理由过程控制反馈的信息并作出响应。 31（）
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