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听力原文： It was about half past eleven on a windy September night and Mr. and Mrs. Wilkinson had gone to bed early. They had put out the light and were just going to sleep when Mrs. Wilkinson heard a strange noise coming from downstairs. Mr. Wilkinson got up to investigate. When he reached the bottom of the stairs he noticed that the noise was coming from the dining room, and it sounded as ff someone was trying to open the French window that led into the garden.
Mr. Wilkinson was quite frightened but he gathered up his courage, picked up a heavy walking stick and tiptoed into the dining room moving around the side of the room so that he wouldn't be seen from the window. When he got to the window, he crouched down and peered cautiously round the edge of the curtain. To his relief, he saw that the noise was nothing more than a branch of a rose scraping against the window in the wind.
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听力原文：W: Where can I have copies made of my application？
M: Isn't there a photo copy machine in the post office？
Q: What does the man imply？
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The phrase "function in the disservice of one another"(Line para. 1) most probably means"______".
The word health can be used in a number of ways. In the past, health meant only the absence of disease or illness, Today, though, health has a broader meaning. Health is the state of your wellbeing that includes how you feel physically, mentally, and socially. Well- ness is another term that describes this broader view of health. You can understand the need for a broader definition if you think about how health in your life is different from health in your grandparents' lives.
In 1900, the main causes of death were diseases that were spread by bacteria (细菌) and viruses (病毒). If you had lived then, the danger of your dying from pneumonia (肺炎) would have been three times greater than the danger of your dying from cancer.
The diseases that were most common in 1900 affected people of all ages. It is not surprising, then that around 1900, the emphasis of health was on freedom from illness. Today many of the diseases that were common in 1900 can be prevented or cured by improved medicines and methods of sanitation (卫生). Most diseases now are likely to occur later in life. You as a teenager will probably not have to think about the same threats to your health as your grandparents did.
These improvements in health conditions mean that not only can you now enjoy a better life, but you also have a greater chance of having a longer life. Controlling diseases has increased the life expectancy in the United States. Generally, people born more recently have higher life expectancies. Since 1900, the life expectancy in the United States has increased by more than 27 years. It has increased from 47 years for those born in 1900 to 74 years 1981.
According to Paragraph 1, health and wellness ______.
The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the world's great writers, Before considering this question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply. Competitors may not be a ware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition, which has been defined as a process by which social entities function in the disservice of one another. Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is in- evitable in a world of limited resources. But conflict is not. Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably an essential and desirable element of human societies.
Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs riot in such fights, but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for the occupancy(占有)of areas free from meat-eating animals. Those who fail in this competition starve to death or be come victims to other species. This struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials. The essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all.
Among nations there is competition in developing resources, trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and prosper(繁荣);the unsuccessful decline. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is.
In the first paragraph, the author gives the definitions of some terms in order to ______.
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