下面短文,回答下列五道题。古人比较重视步行,无论是走路的速度,还是步形、体态都有较为明确的划定和区别。步行须遵制合礼是古代礼法的一个重要内容。古代以右、前为尊。道路之上,男居右行,女居左行;与父辈外出,小辈随后相从,不得逾前;与兄弟朋友外出,须并行,有如雁阵,不得起速领先。否则为越位,越位即越礼,要受到非议。在古人看来,走路的速度、方式须在不同的场合有所区别。《尔雅》说:“堂上谓之行,堂下谓之步,门外谓之趋,中庭谓之走,大路谓之奔。”东汉人解释,两脚进曰“行”,徐行曰“步”,疾行曰“趋”,疾趋曰“走”,“奔”即后人所说的奔跑。如果不遵此行走,无疑既不合礼,又不合理。汉代还明文规定在帝王面前要“疾趋”。对朝廷有特殊贡献的人或皇上特别亲近的人,可以免去此礼,当然那是独沐皇恩、荣耀无比的事了。在官场之中,则有“趋礼”之说。对趋礼的要求也非常严格,如若行走迟缓则要遭到斥责,甚至有降职免官的危险。县令拜谒知府若行步迟缓,知府的守门人便可斥责县令。在丰富多彩的社会生活中,在不背道逾礼的情况下,古人也十分讲究步行关,以此体现人的性格情趣和风度教养。先秦君子步行鸣佩玉,即喻示着君子言行举止要符合德行的要求,而佩玉之声伴随着步行的节奏,又显示出一种庄重和谐的美。对待步行,儒道两家态度素不相同;儒家容关于善,道家容美无走。因此,庄子曾尖刻地批评了学行于邯郸的寿陵余子和亦步亦趋效仿孔子走路的颜回,借此嘲讽了儒士们拘守礼义、失去故我的荒唐。但同时,寿陵余子和颜回的行为又侧面反映了一种时尚。寿陵余子认为首都邯郸人的步法独特优美,有节有度,有仪有威,是有许多可学之处的。颜回步、趋、驰、奔处处要学孔子,除了他遵守纪律外,起码在他的眼里,这些是非学到手不可的特技,是他人无法企及的极美的东西。汉末至魏晋时代,随着儒学的日益衰落和人们思想的逐渐解放,人们对美的崇尚与追求更为显著,因此节度迟缓不迫、举止舒泰优雅的步行,作为衡量一个人的修养、气质和风度的重要标准,常为品评者称誉。乐府民歌《陌上桑》载秦罗敷在拒绝使君求婚时,就夸说自己的丈夫:“盈盈公府步,冉冉府中趋。”古人还把与步行有关的词语用来表情达意。如常见的徘徊、彷徨、踟躇、容与等,就被演化为举步不定、犹豫不决的意思。“徒跣”一词,原意是脱掉鞋子赤脚走路,后演化为表示发怒、着急、匆忙和痛苦的情感。徒跣又如倒屣,碰到身份特殊的人或情状特殊的事,需急遽迎接或前往以示重视时常用此词。刘邦赦免了萧何,萧何“徒跣入谢”,即是表示急速前往致谢的意思。步行这个简单的行为所蕴含的文化内涵丰富多彩,我们从中可以看到某些历史文化现象,这对我们是不无裨益的。 综观全文的内容,以下推断合乎作者观点态度的一项是()。
A. 作者对古人步行要受礼法的严格限制颇不以为然
B. 汉末之后人们对步行美的崇尚象征着儒学的衰亡
C. 写儒道两家对步行的不同态度表明作者尊道贬儒
D. 作者写作本文主要是为了介绍一些历史文化现象
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阅读下面的短文,文中有15处空白,每处空白给出4个选项,请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。 The American Family In the American family the husband and wife usually share important decision making. When the children are (51) enough, they take part as well. Foreigners are often surprised by the permissiveness(宽容) of American parents. The old rule that "children should be seen and not heard" is rarely (52) , and children are often allowed to do (53) they wish without strict control of their parents. The father seldom expects his children to listen to him (54) question, and children are encouraged to be (55) at an early age. Some people believe that American parents carry this freedom (56) far. Others think that a strong father image would not (57) the American values of equality and independence. Because Americans emphasize the importance of independence, young people are expected to (58) their parental families by the time they have (59) their late teens or early twenties. Indeed, not to do so is often regarded as a (60) , a kind of weak dependence. This pattern of independence often results in serious (61) for the aging parents of a small family. The average American is expected to live (62) the age of 70. The job-retirement age is (63) 65. The children have left home, married, and (64) their own households. At least 20 percent of all people over 65 do not have enough retirement incomes. (65) the major problem of many elderly couples is not economic. They feel useless and lonely with neither an occupation nor a close family group.
A. reward
B. criticism
C. failure
D. success
碧海实业有限公司等3家国有企业,拟设立一家以高新技术产业为主的新奇股份有限公司。新奇公司拟筹集股本总额4亿元,其中,发起人碧海公司拟以厂房、设备、专利技术、土地使用权和部分现金作出资,并将成为新奇公司第一大股东。3家发起人为筹办新奇股份公司,共同制订了公司章程,并向登记机关提出了设立公司的申请。请回答以下问题。 现新奇公司业已成立,其股票获准上市交易,大股东碧海公司欲将其持有的1亿股法人股减少至6000万股。对碧海公司减持股份的计划,下列说法何者正确( )
A. 碧海公司须经新奇公司股东大会同意才能出售其所持股份
B. 碧海公司要等新奇公司成立3年后才能出售其所持股份
C. 碧海公司原则上只能原价出售股份,若加价出售,应征得新奇公司董事会的同意
D. 碧海公司必须将其法人股分期分批出售,不得一次性出售
阅读下面的短文,文中有15处空白,每处空白给出4个选项,请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。 The American Family In the American family the husband and wife usually share important decision making. When the children are (51) enough, they take part as well. Foreigners are often surprised by the permissiveness(宽容) of American parents. The old rule that "children should be seen and not heard" is rarely (52) , and children are often allowed to do (53) they wish without strict control of their parents. The father seldom expects his children to listen to him (54) question, and children are encouraged to be (55) at an early age. Some people believe that American parents carry this freedom (56) far. Others think that a strong father image would not (57) the American values of equality and independence. Because Americans emphasize the importance of independence, young people are expected to (58) their parental families by the time they have (59) their late teens or early twenties. Indeed, not to do so is often regarded as a (60) , a kind of weak dependence. This pattern of independence often results in serious (61) for the aging parents of a small family. The average American is expected to live (62) the age of 70. The job-retirement age is (63) 65. The children have left home, married, and (64) their own households. At least 20 percent of all people over 65 do not have enough retirement incomes. (65) the major problem of many elderly couples is not economic. They feel useless and lonely with neither an occupation nor a close family group.
A. dependent
B. independent
C. sure
D. secure
下面短文,回答下列五道题。古人比较重视步行,无论是走路的速度,还是步形、体态都有较为明确的划定和区别。步行须遵制合礼是古代礼法的一个重要内容。古代以右、前为尊。道路之上,男居右行,女居左行;与父辈外出,小辈随后相从,不得逾前;与兄弟朋友外出,须并行,有如雁阵,不得起速领先。否则为越位,越位即越礼,要受到非议。在古人看来,走路的速度、方式须在不同的场合有所区别。《尔雅》说:“堂上谓之行,堂下谓之步,门外谓之趋,中庭谓之走,大路谓之奔。”东汉人解释,两脚进曰“行”,徐行曰“步”,疾行曰“趋”,疾趋曰“走”,“奔”即后人所说的奔跑。如果不遵此行走,无疑既不合礼,又不合理。汉代还明文规定在帝王面前要“疾趋”。对朝廷有特殊贡献的人或皇上特别亲近的人,可以免去此礼,当然那是独沐皇恩、荣耀无比的事了。在官场之中,则有“趋礼”之说。对趋礼的要求也非常严格,如若行走迟缓则要遭到斥责,甚至有降职免官的危险。县令拜谒知府若行步迟缓,知府的守门人便可斥责县令。在丰富多彩的社会生活中,在不背道逾礼的情况下,古人也十分讲究步行关,以此体现人的性格情趣和风度教养。先秦君子步行鸣佩玉,即喻示着君子言行举止要符合德行的要求,而佩玉之声伴随着步行的节奏,又显示出一种庄重和谐的美。对待步行,儒道两家态度素不相同;儒家容关于善,道家容美无走。因此,庄子曾尖刻地批评了学行于邯郸的寿陵余子和亦步亦趋效仿孔子走路的颜回,借此嘲讽了儒士们拘守礼义、失去故我的荒唐。但同时,寿陵余子和颜回的行为又侧面反映了一种时尚。寿陵余子认为首都邯郸人的步法独特优美,有节有度,有仪有威,是有许多可学之处的。颜回步、趋、驰、奔处处要学孔子,除了他遵守纪律外,起码在他的眼里,这些是非学到手不可的特技,是他人无法企及的极美的东西。汉末至魏晋时代,随着儒学的日益衰落和人们思想的逐渐解放,人们对美的崇尚与追求更为显著,因此节度迟缓不迫、举止舒泰优雅的步行,作为衡量一个人的修养、气质和风度的重要标准,常为品评者称誉。乐府民歌《陌上桑》载秦罗敷在拒绝使君求婚时,就夸说自己的丈夫:“盈盈公府步,冉冉府中趋。”古人还把与步行有关的词语用来表情达意。如常见的徘徊、彷徨、踟躇、容与等,就被演化为举步不定、犹豫不决的意思。“徒跣”一词,原意是脱掉鞋子赤脚走路,后演化为表示发怒、着急、匆忙和痛苦的情感。徒跣又如倒屣,碰到身份特殊的人或情状特殊的事,需急遽迎接或前往以示重视时常用此词。刘邦赦免了萧何,萧何“徒跣入谢”,即是表示急速前往致谢的意思。步行这个简单的行为所蕴含的文化内涵丰富多彩,我们从中可以看到某些历史文化现象,这对我们是不无裨益的。 对下列词语在文中的意义,理解正确的一项是()。
A. 鸣佩玉:行走时,要用手摇动佩玉,以显示步行之美
B. 容美于真:道家对美的认识和追求,认为美存于真实之中
C. 一种时尚:社会对拘守礼义、失去故我的不良风气的嘲讽
D. 徒跣:原意为“脱鞋走路”,引申来表达着急、重视、感谢等感情