Question 4We talked about cancer clusters, especially at the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) studios in Brisbane, and we mentioned that there were several cognitive processes involved. Which of the following did we not mention in this case?
A. regression toward the mean
B. an illusory correlation
C. finding patterns in noise
D. the availability cascade
E. the availability heuristic
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Question 8Given what you know about the scientific method (hint: see the Uncut conversation with Shepard Siegel), why would the researchers in the above experiment bother including a group of asthma patients who received no treatment at all?
A. to establish a baseline level of "feeling better," on which to compare the Albuterol group.
B. to determine whether the patients who received the placebo improved because of the placebo itself or whether they would have improved anyway due to the passage of time.
C. to control for whether the patients who received nothing would continue to participate in the experiment for as long as the two inhaler groups.
D. to find out whether the active ingredient in the Albuterol inhaler was effective in improving respiratory volume.
E. to measure the tendency for those who were given the Albuterol to say "I feel better" regardless of whether they actually feel better or not.
Question 9Visit the Cochrane Library as we showed you in this episode, click on Complementary and alternative medicine, then Neurology, and then Dementia and Cognition. Look at the review that was carried out on Ginkgo biloba for cognitive impairment and dementia. What was the conclusion expressed in the plain language summary?
A. There have been no clinical trials conducted to measure the effect of Ginkgo biloba on cognitive impairment and dementia.
B. There is some evidence that Ginkgo biloba may benefit cognitive function of healthy older people with high homocysteine levels.
C. There is convincing evidence that Ginkgo biloba is efficacious for dementia and cognitive impairment.
D. There is inconsistent and unreliable evidence that Ginkgo biloba has a significant benefit for people with dementia or cognitive impairment.
E. There is strong evidence that Ginkgo biloba can significantly improve the cognitive functioning of people with dementia.
Question 3问题3Give your System 2 some exercise with the following problem:这里是一个有着以下问题的系统2Jack is looking at Anne, but Anne is looking at George. Jack is married, but George is not. Is a married person looking at an unmarried person?Jack在看Anne，但是Anne在看George.Jack已婚，而George未婚.那么是不是一个已婚的人在看一个未婚的人？
A. Yes
B. No
Cannot be determined 不能确定
Question 3问题3John Vokey and Don Read did an experiment to find out exactly what people are capable of doing with backwards speech. Which of the following statements best describe their results?为了明确人们对于倒着说的句子会作何处理，John Vokey and Don Read做了一个实验。下列哪项陈述最恰当地表述了他们的实验结果？
A. People could tell whether the backward speech was spoken in English or German, whether it was spoken by a male or female, and whether it was a sentence or a declaration.人们能够分辨出这些倒着说的句子是英语还是德语，是由男性还是女性说的，以及材料内容是一项判决还是一个声明。（一个普通的句子还是一个严肃的声明）
B. People could distinguish between questions and declarations when heard backward, whether it was spoken by Speaker A and Speaker B, and whether the words in the spoken sentence were scrambled or not.人们听倒着说的句子时，能够分辨出听到的是问句还是陈述句，是A还是B说的，以及句子的语序是不是混乱的。
C. People could distinguish between backward speech that is spoken by a male or a female, whether it was spoken in the same language or not, and whether one or two people produced the speech.人们能够分辨出说话者是男性还是女性，这些句子是否是同一种语言，以及这些句子是一个人还是两个人说的。
D. People could identify the sex of the speaker, the language of the speaker, and whether the sentence was a question or a declaration.人们能够分辨出说话者的性别和他们所说的语言，以及这些句子是问句还是陈述句。
E. People could distinguish between scrambled or unscrambled backward speech, whether the meaning of the sentence was Christian or Satanic, and whether it was spoken by a male or female.人们能够分辨出这些倒着说的句子是乱序的还是正常语序的，能分辨出句子是有关耶稣的还是有关恶魔的，以及是男性还是女性说的。
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