Question 3问题3Give your System 2 some exercise with the following problem:这里是一个有着以下问题的系统2Jack is looking at Anne, but Anne is looking at George. Jack is married, but George is not. Is a married person looking at an unmarried person?Jack在看Anne，但是Anne在看George.Jack已婚，而George未婚.那么是不是一个已婚的人在看一个未婚的人？
A. Yes
B. No
Cannot be determined 不能确定
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Question 3问题3John Vokey and Don Read did an experiment to find out exactly what people are capable of doing with backwards speech. Which of the following statements best describe their results?为了明确人们对于倒着说的句子会作何处理，John Vokey and Don Read做了一个实验。下列哪项陈述最恰当地表述了他们的实验结果？
A. People could tell whether the backward speech was spoken in English or German, whether it was spoken by a male or female, and whether it was a sentence or a declaration.人们能够分辨出这些倒着说的句子是英语还是德语，是由男性还是女性说的，以及材料内容是一项判决还是一个声明。（一个普通的句子还是一个严肃的声明）
B. People could distinguish between questions and declarations when heard backward, whether it was spoken by Speaker A and Speaker B, and whether the words in the spoken sentence were scrambled or not.人们听倒着说的句子时，能够分辨出听到的是问句还是陈述句，是A还是B说的，以及句子的语序是不是混乱的。
C. People could distinguish between backward speech that is spoken by a male or a female, whether it was spoken in the same language or not, and whether one or two people produced the speech.人们能够分辨出说话者是男性还是女性，这些句子是否是同一种语言，以及这些句子是一个人还是两个人说的。
D. People could identify the sex of the speaker, the language of the speaker, and whether the sentence was a question or a declaration.人们能够分辨出说话者的性别和他们所说的语言，以及这些句子是问句还是陈述句。
E. People could distinguish between scrambled or unscrambled backward speech, whether the meaning of the sentence was Christian or Satanic, and whether it was spoken by a male or female.人们能够分辨出这些倒着说的句子是乱序的还是正常语序的，能分辨出句子是有关耶稣的还是有关恶魔的，以及是男性还是女性说的。
Question 5Tom Gilovich described an example where you grab a bag of candies, pour it in a jar, and you look at it. The different colors are randomly arranged, but they don't look random. What reason did he provide for the fact that we see order where there isn't any?举例说，如果你拿一袋糖果随意倒进罐子里，那么不同颜色的糖应该是随机分布的。 然而假如你去观察那些糖果的话，却会觉得糖块颜色分布有一定规律。Tom是怎么解释这种”无中生有”现象的？
A. We tend to link two things that are unrelated like arthritis pain and the weather.我们容易将两件没有关系的事联系到一起，比如关节疼痛和天气。
B. People tend to look for evidence consistent with the idea rather than information that's inconsistent with it. 人们倾向于寻找同观点一致的证据，而忽略不能证明观点的信息。
C. It's a side-effect of the pattern recognition machinery that we have in our heads.这是我们大脑中的规律识别机制的副作用。
D. We prefer things simply because we are familiar with them. 很多东西，我们喜欢，仅仅是因为我们熟悉它们。
E. We have a very pronounced tendency to treat information that we like more favorably.众所周知，我们易于偏向我们喜欢的信息。
Question 2In this episode, we made reference to a website called whatstheharm.net that lists hundreds of stories where "people have been injured or killed by believing in misinformation or through a lack of critical thinking." They are only focussing on one cell in the 2x2 contingency table. Which cell are they focussing on?
A. Misses
B. Hits
Correct rejections
D. False alarms
Question 2Shep Siegel provided two explanations for the placebo effect? What were they?
A. The antiestablishment bias and the availability heuristic.
B. Regression toward the mean and a response bias.
C. The response bias and the antiestablishment bias.
D. The confirmation bias and regression toward the mean.
E. The availability heuristic and the confirmation bias.
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