Question 8问题 8What are the two components to the “Fundamental Cognitive Error:”“基本认识偏误”的两个组成部分是：
A. We think there’s a one-to-one relationship between the way we perceive and the way they really are, and that the world is as it appears to be.我们认为我们的认知方法和世界实际存在方式一对一关系，而且这个世界就是它所呈现出来的那样。
B. People are essentially pattern-recognition machines, and we tend to sharpen and level things that are (in)consistent with our expectations.人本质上就是一台图形识别机器，而且我们会强化我们期待看到的内容，并且把与期待无关的所有内容放到一个同等不重要的程度上（就像变成了背景）。
C. Our memories are plastic and malleable, and what we remember is shaped by the sum of our experiences.我们的记忆是可塑的、易受影响的，而且是被我们的经历所塑造的。
D. Our basic pattern-recognition abilities are shaped by general and specific expectations.我们的基本图形识别能力是由普遍和特定的期待塑造的。
E. People tend to underestimate the contribution of their beliefs and theories to observation and judgement, and fail to realise how many other ways that they could have been interpreted.人们往往低估了他们的信仰和观点在观察和判断中起到的作用，而且无法意识到他们（的信仰和观点）本就可以用多种方式来解读。
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Question 385% of people in Think101x said that they believed that there are health practices—for example, herbal remedies, spiritual harmony, dietary practices, traditional healing—that aren't being investigate either because the medicine and drug companies don't like them or because they don't fit current scientific theories. What was one of the reasons that we provided for why this figure was so high?
A. illusionary correlation
B. availability heuristic
C. regression toward the mean
D. representativeness heuristic
E. ambiguous information
Question 10What advice did Susan Blackmore provide for how you might improve your everyday thinking? Susan Blackmore提供了什么建议可以提高日常思考能力？
A. The best way to improve your everyday thinking is to enhance the efficiency with which you acquire knowledge. 最好的提高日常思考能力的办法是加强你获取知识的效率。
B. Question your intuitions and be willing to give them up if there's a good reason to do so. 怀疑你的直觉，如有合理理由愿意放弃直觉。
C. Recognise that we know much less than we think we know. 承认我们比自己以为的知道的少得多。
D. Remember that there are certain situations where the thinking fast really gets you into trouble, but there are many, many situations where it gets you out of trouble. 记住在某些情况下快速思考会给你带来麻烦，但是在很多很多其他情况下它会帮你摆脱麻烦。
E. Try and base your thoughts and your beliefs on the evidence and consult the experts. 努力将想法和信念建立在证据上，咨询专家们
Question 9Which of the following is not a Barnum statement? 以下哪条不是巴纳姆效应？
At times you have serious doubts whether you have made the right decision or done the right thing. 有时你十分怀疑自己是否做了正确的决定或正确的事。
B. You pride yourself as an independent thinker and do not accept others statements without satisfactory proof. 你十分自豪自己是一个独立的思考者，没有满意的证据不接受其他论述。
C. You have considerable unused capacity that you have not turned to your advantage. 你有大量未开发的潜力还没有转化为你的优势。
D. A taxi will smash into your car from behind at 5:13pm today on 59th Street. 今天下午5点13分会有一辆出租车在59街撞到你的车。
E. You have a tendency to be critical of yourself. 你有一种自我批评的倾向。
Question 6Which of the following is a motivational explanation for why people believe strange things, as opposed to a cognitive explanation? 与认知解释相对的，以下哪条属于人们相信奇怪事件的动机解释？
A. People often think that seemingly strange coincidences are much less common than they actually are. 人们通常认为看上去奇怪的巧合没有实际发生那么普遍。
B. People learn from many television programs that paranormal phenomena must exist, and those who are critical of such phenomena are close-minded cynics. 人们从许多电视节目中了解到超自然现象一定存在，批判这些现象的人就是思想封闭的愤青。
C. People often interpret ambiguous and inconsistent information in light of their prior experiences. 人们通常从自身以往经验出发理解含糊和不一致的信息。
D. People tend to notice what confirms their beliefs rather than what contradicts them. 人们倾向于注意到支持他们信念的证据而不是与之矛盾的。
E. People take comfort in the paranormal and want to believe in mysteries.人们从超自然中感到安慰，愿意相信神秘。
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