题目内容
It seems intuitive that going to a specialist physician will result in more thorough and up-to-date care for whatever ails you. In fact many studies support this idea — but health-care researchers caution that they may not tell the whole story. The first question is whose patients are sicker Specialists tend to treat more complicated forms of disease but generalists — family physicians and general practitioners — are more likely to treat patients with several coexisting diseases. A second question is what counts as the most valuable treatment Specialists are more familiar with standards of care for the diseases they treat regularly, says Harlan M. Krumholz of Yale University. On the other hand, a generalist may do a better job of coordinating a patient"s care and keeping an eye on a person"s overall health, says Martin T. Domohoe of the Oregon Health Sciences University in Portland. To further complicate comparisons many generalists will consult with specialists on complicated cases but medical records do not always show that, says Carolyn Clancy of the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research in Rockville, Md. That said stroke patients treated by neurologists are more likely to survive than stroke patients treated by generalists. Among about 38,000 stroke sufferers nationwide, 16.1% of those treated by a neurologists died within 3 months compared with 25.3 percent of those treated by family physicians. Several studies have shown that people with heart disease fare better when they are treated by cardiologists, says S. Nash of the Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York. But it"s hard to figure out exactly why. "Physician specialty, in addition to being a measure of formal training in the field, is also a proxy for clinical experience." he says, "It"s very difficult to separate out the overlapping concepts. One, that practice makes perfect; two, the effect of the educational and time investments in a clinical problem the physician is simply interested in; and three, the issue of formal training." Differences between specialist care and generalist care, however. Pale in comparison with the finding that both specialists and generalists often fail to put the latest knowledge into practice, contend both Donohoe and Clancy. A report by the US General Accounting Office documented that heart attack survivors who saw cardiologists regularly were more likely to take cholesterol-lowering drugs and beta blockers which reduce heart rate and blood pressure than those who received care from a generalist. Even so, these life-prolonging drugs were not prescribed to many patients who appeared to be eligible for them, implying that both generalists and specialists could do better. "Maybe we are focusing too much energy on the differences between generalist and specialist care," says Donohoe. Perhaps, he adds, "We should focus more intently on improving the quality of communication between generalists and specialists and on developing and promoting practice guidelines that might have a much bigger effect on the overall health of Americans." The answers to the two questions suggest that______.
查看答案
搜索结果不匹配？点我反馈
更多问题
Children are spending an increasing amount of time using computers. Computers are now found in most classrooms, and in the majority of homes, almost always with internet access. However, many studies of children"s use of computers show that there are possible negative effects. This essay will explain the possible negative effects of computer use on children, focusing on the effects on family and peer relationships and the increased tendency towards violent behavior. Computer use may negatively affect social relationship between children and their parents. Because children spend so much time on computers, they often know more about advanced computer use than their parents. According to Subrahmanvam and his colleagues(2001)this often leads to a role reversal, where the child becomes a teacher to the parent. In other words, it is often the case a highly computer technology. This can lead to a reduction in parental authority. Moreover, with the anonymity of online communication, computer users do not know if they are talking to a child or an adult, so all users are treated equally(Subrahmanyam et al, 2001). Children may then expect the same equality in real life, further contributing to a breakdown in the parent-children relationship(Subrahmanyam et al, 2001). Children"s peer relationships can also be negatively affected by extensive computer use. Since computers are more likely to be used in isolation by children, they spend little time integrating with their peers(Shields & Behrman, 2001). As a result, children may not develop the social skills they need, or be able to maintain friendships in the real world(Subrahmanyam et al, 2001). With the very extended computer use, this isolation from the real world can lead to loneliness and even depression(Shields & Behrman, 2001). A disturbing possible effect of computer use on children is the link between computer games and violence. Current research has already documented a strong link between violent films and television and aggressive behavior in children, so it is reasonable to believe that a similar link will be found between violent behavior in children and violence in computer games(Subrahmanyam et al, 2001). However, as Shields Behrman(2001)points out, it is important to note that although the games may affect all children, children who prefer violent games could be most affected. In conclusion, using a computer. particularly for extended periods, may affect the parent-children relationship in families. It could also result in children not learning the social skills they need to interact with peers and maintain friendships. Moreover, it seems likely that playing violent computer games is linked to violence in children. Although the research is not conclusive, it appears that extended use of computers could have a negative effect on children"s social development. Which is the best reason for the reduction of parental authority according to the passage
It seems intuitive that going to a specialist physician will result in more thorough and up-to-date care for whatever ails you. In fact many studies support this idea — but health-care researchers caution that they may not tell the whole story. The first question is whose patients are sicker Specialists tend to treat more complicated forms of disease but generalists — family physicians and general practitioners — are more likely to treat patients with several coexisting diseases. A second question is what counts as the most valuable treatment Specialists are more familiar with standards of care for the diseases they treat regularly, says Harlan M. Krumholz of Yale University. On the other hand, a generalist may do a better job of coordinating a patient"s care and keeping an eye on a person"s overall health, says Martin T. Domohoe of the Oregon Health Sciences University in Portland. To further complicate comparisons many generalists will consult with specialists on complicated cases but medical records do not always show that, says Carolyn Clancy of the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research in Rockville, Md. That said stroke patients treated by neurologists are more likely to survive than stroke patients treated by generalists. Among about 38,000 stroke sufferers nationwide, 16.1% of those treated by a neurologists died within 3 months compared with 25.3 percent of those treated by family physicians. Several studies have shown that people with heart disease fare better when they are treated by cardiologists, says S. Nash of the Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York. But it"s hard to figure out exactly why. "Physician specialty, in addition to being a measure of formal training in the field, is also a proxy for clinical experience." he says, "It"s very difficult to separate out the overlapping concepts. One, that practice makes perfect; two, the effect of the educational and time investments in a clinical problem the physician is simply interested in; and three, the issue of formal training." Differences between specialist care and generalist care, however. Pale in comparison with the finding that both specialists and generalists often fail to put the latest knowledge into practice, contend both Donohoe and Clancy. A report by the US General Accounting Office documented that heart attack survivors who saw cardiologists regularly were more likely to take cholesterol-lowering drugs and beta blockers which reduce heart rate and blood pressure than those who received care from a generalist. Even so, these life-prolonging drugs were not prescribed to many patients who appeared to be eligible for them, implying that both generalists and specialists could do better. "Maybe we are focusing too much energy on the differences between generalist and specialist care," says Donohoe. Perhaps, he adds, "We should focus more intently on improving the quality of communication between generalists and specialists and on developing and promoting practice guidelines that might have a much bigger effect on the overall health of Americans." Which of the following questions can most probably come out of the questions raised in the passage
In this part there is an essay in Chinese, Read it carefully and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that your summary covers the major points of the essay. 吃出健康 健康自古以来就是人们追求的美好目标。近年世界卫生组织对影响人类健康的众多因素进行评估，结果表明：遗传因素对身体健康的影响居于首位为15％；膳食营养对人体健康的影响仅次于遗传因素为13％；然后是医疗条件因素，为8％。因此不难看出膳食营养对人体健康是多么重要，在今天人们的生活水平显著提高，绝大多数人衣温食饱，营养不良状况有了很大改善，但这不代表人吃的健康了，由于大多数人的饮食结构不合理，营养供给不平衡，所以维持不了健康。 为了维持身体健康就必须把不同的食物搭配起来食用，现代营养学把食物分成两大类，一类主要是供给人体热能，我们叫主食，另一类是副食：如豆制品和蔬菜等，主食种类很多它们所含氨基酸，维生素、无机盐的种类和数量又互不相同，故不能只用一种粮食作为主食，应做到粗细粮合理搭配，副食中的肉类、蛋类、奶类、鱼类、海产类、豆类和蔬菜等，都能提供丰富的蛋白质和人体必需的脂肪酸、磷酸、维生素、概、磷、镁、碘等重要营养素，对人体健康起着非常重要的作用，饮食的种类多种多样，富含营养成分各不相同，只有做到各种食物合理搭配，才能使人体得到不同的营养，以满足生命和活动的需要。 膳食搭配的同时要注意季节引起食欲的变化，像夏季酷热多雨，人们常常食欲降低，消化力也减弱，大多数人厌食肥肉和油腻食物，所以要注意食物的色香味，尽力提高食欲，使身体能够得到全面足够的营养。 合理搭配固然重要，但也应饮食有节，要注意饮食的量和用食时间，一是饮食要适量，就是说人们吃东西不要太多也不要太少，要恰到好吃，饥饱适中，过饱不利于健康，但吃太少也有损于健康。二是饮食应定时，一日三餐，食知有时，脾胃适应了这种饮食规律，到时候便会做好消化食物的准备，同时烹调合理使食品色香味俱全，不仅增加食欲，而且有益健康。 当然健康饮食对于不同职业来说也是不相同的，例如，学校的老师和学生都是脑力劳动者，用脑较多，由于人脑的主要成分为卵磷脂。脑疲劳会损失卵磷脂，而深海鱼和蛋黄富含卵磷脂。因此，建议每天可吃1．2个鸡蛋补充营养，每周吃一次海鱼。此外，也应多补充含蛋白质、糖、钙、铁、锌、维生素丰富的食物。如，禽肉、牛奶、拼过、豆制品等。 所以，只有饮食从各方面做好了，才能将健康进行到底。
Patients can recall what they hear while under general anesthetic even if they don"t wake up, concludes a new study. Several studies over the past three decades have reported that people can retain conscious or subconscious memories of thoughts that happened while they were being operated on. But failure by other researchers to confirm such findings has led skeptics to speculate that the patients who remembered these events might briefly have regained consciousness in the course of operations. Gitta Lubke, Peter Sebel and colleagues at Emory University in Atlanta measured the depth of anesthesia using bispectral analysis, a technique which measures changes in brainwave pattern in the frontal lobes moment by moment during surgery. "Before this study researchers only took an average measurement over the whole operation," says Lubke. Lubke studied 96 trauma patients undergoing emergency surgery. Many of whom were too seriously injured to tolerance full anesthesia. During surgery each patient wore headphones through which a series of 16 words was repeated for 3 minutes each. At the same time bisecteal analysis recorded the depth of anesthesia. After the operation Lubke tested the patients by showing them the first three letters of a word such as "limit", and asking them to complete. Patients who had had a word starting with these letters played during surgery — "limit", for example — chose that word an average of 11 per cent more often than patients who had been played a different word list. None of the patients had any conscious memory of hearing the word lists. Unconscious priming was strongest for words played when patients were most lightly anaesthetized. But it was statistically significant even when patients were fully anaesthetized when the word was played. This finding which will be published in the journal Anesthesiology could mean that operating theatre staff should be more discreet. "What they say during surgery may distress patient afterwards," says Philip Merikle, a psychologist at the University of Waterloo, Ontario. The results from the new study indicate that it was possible for the patients______.
微信支付 
支付宝支付