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In this part there is an essay in Chinese, Read it carefully and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that your summary covers the major points of the essay. 吃出健康 健康自古以来就是人们追求的美好目标。近年世界卫生组织对影响人类健康的众多因素进行评估，结果表明：遗传因素对身体健康的影响居于首位为15％；膳食营养对人体健康的影响仅次于遗传因素为13％；然后是医疗条件因素，为8％。因此不难看出膳食营养对人体健康是多么重要，在今天人们的生活水平显著提高，绝大多数人衣温食饱，营养不良状况有了很大改善，但这不代表人吃的健康了，由于大多数人的饮食结构不合理，营养供给不平衡，所以维持不了健康。 为了维持身体健康就必须把不同的食物搭配起来食用，现代营养学把食物分成两大类，一类主要是供给人体热能，我们叫主食，另一类是副食：如豆制品和蔬菜等，主食种类很多它们所含氨基酸，维生素、无机盐的种类和数量又互不相同，故不能只用一种粮食作为主食，应做到粗细粮合理搭配，副食中的肉类、蛋类、奶类、鱼类、海产类、豆类和蔬菜等，都能提供丰富的蛋白质和人体必需的脂肪酸、磷酸、维生素、概、磷、镁、碘等重要营养素，对人体健康起着非常重要的作用，饮食的种类多种多样，富含营养成分各不相同，只有做到各种食物合理搭配，才能使人体得到不同的营养，以满足生命和活动的需要。 膳食搭配的同时要注意季节引起食欲的变化，像夏季酷热多雨，人们常常食欲降低，消化力也减弱，大多数人厌食肥肉和油腻食物，所以要注意食物的色香味，尽力提高食欲，使身体能够得到全面足够的营养。 合理搭配固然重要，但也应饮食有节，要注意饮食的量和用食时间，一是饮食要适量，就是说人们吃东西不要太多也不要太少，要恰到好吃，饥饱适中，过饱不利于健康，但吃太少也有损于健康。二是饮食应定时，一日三餐，食知有时，脾胃适应了这种饮食规律，到时候便会做好消化食物的准备，同时烹调合理使食品色香味俱全，不仅增加食欲，而且有益健康。 当然健康饮食对于不同职业来说也是不相同的，例如，学校的老师和学生都是脑力劳动者，用脑较多，由于人脑的主要成分为卵磷脂。脑疲劳会损失卵磷脂，而深海鱼和蛋黄富含卵磷脂。因此，建议每天可吃1．2个鸡蛋补充营养，每周吃一次海鱼。此外，也应多补充含蛋白质、糖、钙、铁、锌、维生素丰富的食物。如，禽肉、牛奶、拼过、豆制品等。 所以，只有饮食从各方面做好了，才能将健康进行到底。
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Patients can recall what they hear while under general anesthetic even if they don"t wake up, concludes a new study. Several studies over the past three decades have reported that people can retain conscious or subconscious memories of thoughts that happened while they were being operated on. But failure by other researchers to confirm such findings has led skeptics to speculate that the patients who remembered these events might briefly have regained consciousness in the course of operations. Gitta Lubke, Peter Sebel and colleagues at Emory University in Atlanta measured the depth of anesthesia using bispectral analysis, a technique which measures changes in brainwave pattern in the frontal lobes moment by moment during surgery. "Before this study researchers only took an average measurement over the whole operation," says Lubke. Lubke studied 96 trauma patients undergoing emergency surgery. Many of whom were too seriously injured to tolerance full anesthesia. During surgery each patient wore headphones through which a series of 16 words was repeated for 3 minutes each. At the same time bisecteal analysis recorded the depth of anesthesia. After the operation Lubke tested the patients by showing them the first three letters of a word such as "limit", and asking them to complete. Patients who had had a word starting with these letters played during surgery — "limit", for example — chose that word an average of 11 per cent more often than patients who had been played a different word list. None of the patients had any conscious memory of hearing the word lists. Unconscious priming was strongest for words played when patients were most lightly anaesthetized. But it was statistically significant even when patients were fully anaesthetized when the word was played. This finding which will be published in the journal Anesthesiology could mean that operating theatre staff should be more discreet. "What they say during surgery may distress patient afterwards," says Philip Merikle, a psychologist at the University of Waterloo, Ontario. The results from the new study indicate that it was possible for the patients______.
Here"s yet another to lose weight. Heavier people are more likely to be killed or seriously injured in car accidents than lighter people. That could mean car designers will have to build in new safety features to compensate for the extra hazards facing overweight passengers. In the US, car manufacturers have already had to redesign air bags so they inflate to lower pressures making them less of a danger to smaller women and children. But no one yet knows what it is that puts overweight passengers at extra risk. A study carried out in Seattle, Washington, looked at more than 26,000 people who had been involved in car crashes, and found that heavier people were at far more risk. People weighing between 100 and 119 kilograms are almost two-and-a-half times as likely to die in a crash as people weighing less than 60 kilograms. And importantly, the same trend held up when the researchers looked at body mass index(BMI)— a measure that takes height as well as weight into account. Someone 1.8 meters tall weighing 126 kilograms would have a BMI of 39, but so would a person 1.5 meters tall weighing 88 kilograms. People are said to be obese if their BMI is 30 or over. The study found that people with a BMI of 35 to 39 are over twice as likely to die in a crash compared with people with BMIs of about 20. It"s not just total weight, but obesity that"s dangerous. While they do not yet know why this is the case, the evidence is worth pursuing, says Charles Mock, a surgeon and epidemiologist at the Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center in Seattle, who led the research team. He thinks one answer may be for safety authorities to use — heavier crash-test dummies when certifying cars are safe to drive. Crash tests normally use dummies that represent standard-sized males weighing about 78 kilograms. Recently, smaller crash-test dummies have also been used to represent children inside crashing cars. But larger and heavier dummies aren"t used, the US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration in Washington, D.C. told New Scientist. The reasons for the higher injury and death rates are far from clear. Mock speculates that car interiors might not be suitably designed for heavy people. Or obese people, with health problems such as high blood pressure or diabetes, could be finding it tougher to recover from injury. When they redesigned air bags to hold less pressure, the American car manufactures______.
Scientists used to believe adult brains did not grow any new neurons, but it has emerged that new neurons can sprout in the brains of adult rats, birds and even humans. Understanding the process could be important, for finding ways to treat diseases such as Alzheimer"s in which neurons are destroyed. Most neurons sprouting in adulthood seem to be in the hippocampus, a structure involved in learning and memory. But they rarely survive more than a few weeks. "We thought they were possibly dying because they were deprived of some sort of input," says Elizabeth Gould, a neuroscientist at Princeton. Because of the location, Gould and her colleagues suspect that learning itself might bolster the new neurons" survival, and that only tasks involving the hippocampus would do the trick. To test this, they injected adult male rats with a substance that labeled newborn neurons so that they could be tracked. Later, they gave some of the rats standard tasks. One involved using visual and spatial cues, such as posters on a well, to learn to find a platform hidden under murky water. In another, the rats learnt to associate a noise with a tiny shock half a second later. Both these tasks use the hippocampus — if this structure is damaged, rats can"t do them. Meanwhile, the researchers gave other rats similar tasks that did not require the hippocampus finding a platform that was easily visible in water, for instance. Other members of the control group simply paddled in a tub of water or listened to noises. The team reported in Nature Neuroscience that the animals given the tasks that activate the hippocampus kept twice as many of their new neurons alive as the others. "Learning opportunities increase the number of neurons," says Gould. But Fred Gage and his colleagues at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla, California, dispute this. In the same issue of Nature Neuroscience, they reported that similar water maze experiments on mice did not help new neurons survive. Gould thinks the difference arose because the groups labeled new neurons at different times. She gave the animals tasks two weeks after the neurons were labeled. When the new cells would normally be dying, she thinks the Salk group put their mice to work too early for new neurons to benefit. "By the time the cells were degenerating, the animals were not learning anything." she says. Which of the following can clearly tell the two groups of rats from each other in the test
Whenever people go and live in another country they have new experiences and new feelings. They experience culture shock. Many people have a(n) 【C1】______about culture shock they think that it"s just a feeling of sadness and homesickness when a person is in a new country. But this isn"t really true. Culture shock is a completely natural【C2】______. and everybody goes【C3】______it in a new culture. There are four stages, or steps, in culture shock. When people first arrive in a new country they"re usually excited and【C4】______Everything is interesting. They notice that a lot of things are【C5】______their own culture and this surprises them and makes them happy. This is Stage One In Stage Two people notice how different the new culture is from their own culture. They become confused It seems difficult to do even very simple things. They feel【C6】______They spend a lot of time【C7】______or with other people from their own country. They think "My problems are all because I"m living in this country" Then in Stage Three they begin to understand the new culture better They begin to like some new customs. They【C8】______some people in the new country. They"re【C9】______comfortable and relaxed. In Stage Four they feel very comfortable. They have good friends in the new culture. They understand the new customs. Some customs are similar to their culture and some are different but that"s OK. They can【C10】______it. 【C3】
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