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The Securities ExchangeWhen people buy stock, most do so through one of the securities exchanges or marketplaces for stocks and bonds. These marketplaces are commonly called "stock exchanges" and they provide a meeting place for both the buyer and seller. To understand why such securities or stock exchanges are important in the purchase and sale of stocks and bonds, consider what would happen if you, and everyone who wanted do buy (or sell) securities, had to find your own buyer (or seller). If the market is going down the only way to recover your investment is to hang on to the stock and wait for it to come back. More importantly, how would you find out who is interested in selling that stock to you (or buying it from you) In order to handle this marketing problem, securities exchanges sprung up. These exchanges are nothing more than locations where stocks are bought and sold. And since there is a common meeting place for there (or send their representatives). The result is a very systematic market process, where transations are handled in an orderly manner and the operations are both supervised and regulated by law. (8) Buying and Selling SecuritiesThe general approach in buying and selling securities, regardless of the exchange where they are purchased, is basically the same, We provide a general picture of how security transactions take place; and for a fuller understanding, we will discuss some of the important terminology and functions of security trading. (9) How would you go about buying stock in a major corporation It’s really quite simple. First, you would decide what you want to buy—such as 100 shares of IBM. (10) Assuming your broker works for a major stock brokerage, the order would be telephoned directly to a company clerk on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange. The clerk would hand the order to a member of the Exchange who is a partner in the brokerage. This individual would then go to the appropriate locale on the trading floor and ask for the latest quote on IBM. Let us say it is "70 to a quarter." (11) If your broker wants, a sale can be struck at ＄ 70.25 since the order calls for a purchase at the current market price. More likely, however, your broker will bid ＄ 70.125 and hope to save you one eighth of a point or ＄ 12.50. And it is likely that another broker with an order to sell will show up and accept the bid of ＄ 70 1/8. The two brokers will then initial each other’s sales orders and see that the transaction is relayed to the exchange employee known as the reporter. The reporter sees that the sale is reported and a few minutes later it will come out on the ticker tape.Bulls and BearsWhat does "a bull" mean It is a term that is used to refer to an invester who expects prices to rise.(12) Of course, the market will not always rise. Sometimes stocks drop and remain low for extended periods of time. Those investors who expect stock prices to decline are known as "bears." During the Great Depression, the bears made a great deal of money. While the bulls were "buying long" the bears were "selling short." 9（）
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施工质量监理案例题。 [背景] 某工程项目，建设单位与施工单位签订了施工承包合同，合同中规定钢材由建设单位指定厂家，施工单位负责采购，厂家负责运输到工地，并委托了监理单位实行施工阶段的监理。当第一批钢筋运到工地时，施工单位认为是由建设单位指定用的钢筋，在检查了产品合格证、质量保证书后即可以用于工程，反正如有质量问题均由建设单位负责。监理工程师认为必须进行材质检验。此时，建设单位现场项目管理代表正好到场，认为监理工程师多此一举，但监理工程师坚持必须进行材质检验，可施工单位不愿进行检验，于是监理工程师按规定进行了抽检，检验结果达不到设计要求，遂要求对该批钢筋进行处理，建设单位现场项目管理代表认为监理工程师故意刁难，要求监理单位赔偿材料的损失，并支付试验费用。 [问题] 该批钢筋应如何处理
原告李萍、龚念因与被告广东珠海经济特区五月花饮食有限公司(以下简称五月花公司)发生人身伤害赔偿纠纷，向广东省珠海市中级人民法院提起诉讼。 原告诉称：两原告带领8岁的儿子龚硕皓前去被告经营的五月花餐厅就餐，被被告的礼仪小姐安排在一间包房的外边就座。这间包房内发生爆炸，包房的墙壁被炸倒下，造成龚硕皓死亡、李萍残疾的后果。被告面向社会经营餐饮，其职责不仅应向顾客提供美味可口的饭菜，还应负责提供愉悦放心的消费环境，保证顾客的人身安全。被告对顾客自带酒水进入餐厅不予禁止，又在餐厅装修中使用了不符合安全标准的木板隔墙，以致埋下安全隐患。正是由于被告的经营管理不善，使餐厅发生了不该发生的爆炸，造成顾客人身伤亡。被告违反了《消费者权益保护法》的规定，应承担全部损害赔偿责任。请求判令被告：第一，给原告赔偿医疗费、营养费、护理费、交通费、假肢安装费、残疾生活补助赍、后期继续治疗费、残疾赔偿金、丧失生育能力赔偿金以及丧葬费、死亡赔偿金和精神损害赔偿金等共计403万元；第二，负担本案全部诉讼费。 被告辩称：此次爆炸事件是犯罪分子所为。不知情的顾客把犯罪分子伪装成酒送给他的爆炸物带进餐厅，他根本没有预见到会发生爆炸，餐厅当然更不可能预见。对被告和顾客来说，发生爆炸纯属意外事件。对此次爆炸，被告既在主观上没有过错，也在客观上没有实施侵权行为。况且爆炸还造成被告的一名服务员身亡，餐厅装修、设备受到严重破坏，各种直接、间接损失近100万元，被告本身也是受害者。被告作为餐饮经营者。原告只能向真正的加害人主张权利，不能要求被告承担赔偿责任。原告现在的起诉缺乏事实根据和法律依据，诉讼主体也不合格，其请求应当驳回。 根据上述资料，回答下列问题： 宾馆、商场、银行、车站、娱乐场所等公共场所的管理人或者群众性活动的组织者，未尽到安全保障义务，造成他人损害的，应当承担( )责任。
PART THREE·Read the article below about public relations. For each question 13-18, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet, for the answer you choose.Public RelationsA company does not function in a vacuum, but rather as part of a society. That society consists of the people who work for it, the people and companies that do business with it, the public at large, and the government that regulates and taxes it. These groups are known as a company’s "publics." In order for a company to deal with these publics effectively, a relationship of trust must exist. Employees will not cooperate with or put forth their best efforts for a company that they do not trust or that they fed is taking advantage of them. The public will not buy products or services from a company that, in their view, is not responsible or trustworthy. And the government, as the protector of the society it governs, is especially vigilant in dealing with a company that it regards as not operating in the public interest. Given these circumstances, every business, whether it is a giant corporation or a small factory, a five-star hotel or a roadside tavern, needs to give some thought to the relationship it has with all the various publics it interacts with. The techniques that a company uses to improve these relationships are known as "public relations", also called "PR".The goal of public relations is usually to improve the climate or atmosphere in which a company operates. Here are some results a company might expect from a successful public relations campaign:·Its products and services are better known.·Its relationship with employees has improved.·Its public reputation has improved.A successful public relations campaign can get people to do something that will help a company, stop them from doing something that might hurt it, or at least allow the company to proceed with a course of action without criticism. "An organization with good public relations has a favourable image or reputation, perhaps as a result of pubic relations activities." Says Richard Weiner, a noted and award-winning public relations counselor. In developing and implementing public relations plans, companies often use a simple five-step process: research or fact finding, planning, action, communication, and evaluation.A classic example of public relation at work is McDonald’s. it has always been important to McDmald’s to be known as a company that values cleanliness. Indeed, founder Ray Kroc emphasized cleanliness along with quality, service, and value as being the four most important things in any McDonald’s operation. For that reason, Kroc instructed the first McDonald’s franchisees to pick up all litter within a two block radius of their stores, whether it was McDonald’s litter or not. The company also did many other things to help protect the environment. In 1990, it announced a program called McRecycle in which McDonald’s committed itself to buy ＄ 100 million in recycled materials for use in building and remodeling its restaurants. It is important to understand the role public relations has played in all the company’s decisions. McDonald’s has always been socially responsible and extremely concealed about its image.These two facts are part and parcel of its public relationships. To McDonald’s, public relationships activities go much deeper than simply sending out press releases and having corporate officers serve on various charitable boards. The company understands that real public relations means taking significant actions first, then announcing them to the public. Without the first step, the second would be meaningless. Many companies do not understand this basic principle: If you want to make news, you must first do something newsworthy. The passage tells us that a good reputation of a company mostly comes from （）.
The speaker says that the percentage of businesses that are family run is
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