The amount of heat generated by complete combustion is a constant for any given combination of combustible elements and compounds and is not affected by the manner in which the combustion takes place, provided it is complete.
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The common thermodynamic properties are: temperature(T), pressure(P), specific volume(v) or density(ρ).
If the total effect produced in the system can be reduced to the raising of a weight, then nothing has crossed the boundary.
The surroundings include everything external to the system,and the system is separated from the surroundings by the system boundaries.
The successive stages are normally arranged side by side along a horizontal axis, constituting what is called an“axial flow" turbine.