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一个国家的各级各类新闻媒体机构及其从事的大众传播工作的总和就是这个国家的____。
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There seems never to have been a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do.In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers.. This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same. The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology. In Egypt, the Americas, China, Japan and among the Arctic (北极的) peoples, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on lo- cal customs and ways of life because toys imitate(模仿) their surroundings.Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the oxcart to the automobile is a direct line of ascent (进步). The progress from a rattle (拨浪鼓) used by a baby in 3,000 B.C. to one used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness. Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials. Which of the following statements is true（）
Mrs. White I hate salesmen. I mean they are always pestering me to buy things I don’t want. Why should I waste my time listening to their lies and looking at the junk they are trying to sell me When I need something, I go out and buy it. Things are cheaper at the supermarket and there’s a much better selection there. Mrs. Lee People prefer to buy from door-to-door salesmen because they are so friendly. A good salesman always brings things like candies for the children, sympathy for the tired housewife and a smile for the lonely old people. And the customers always have a chance to try things before they actually buy them. You don’t get that kind of service at the supermarket. Mrs. Ros I just don’t trust those salesmen. Once you let in a salesperson you can never get rid of him. They just keep talking and talking until you buy his goods. When you come to use the thing, you find out it’s a piece of junk. But you can’t get your money back. They use all kinds of dishonest tricks to get people to buy overpriced goods which they don’t need and can’t afford. Mr. Wales I have met salesmen who sell only quality products. Customers test everything in their own homes and at their own convenience. I’ve heard a few cases of salesman harassing customers or making false claims. I suppose there are a few bad salesmen. But there are also bad doctors, bad policemen and so on. They aren’t typical of their profession. Mr. Baker Salesmen often came by for a coffee and a nice talk. I’m so glad they do so. I don’t have many visitors and the salesmen are interesting people. They talk in vivid language, and they are usually polite people. I’m a little too old to go out to the stores and buy things. I don’t mind paying a little extra when they are brought to my home. Now match each of the people (61 to 65) to the appropriate statement. Note: There are two extra statements. Statements A. Salesmen often come to ask for a lot of coffee. B. Salesmen are usually adolecents. C. I prefer to buy things in a supermarket because things there are cheaper. D. I never trust salesmen. E. Salesmen provide better service than supermarkets do. F. Most salesmen don’t take in their customers. G. Salesmen are interesting and usually polite people.
Part A You will hear 10 short dialogues. For each dialogue, there is one question and four possible answers. Choose the correct answer A, B, C or D, and mark it in your test booklet. You will have 15 seconds to answer the question and you will hear each dialogue ONLY ONCE. What’s the man trying to do
(10—12题共用题干) 5岁女孩，自幼身体瘦弱，易患感冒，查体：心前区稍隆起，未触及震颤，胸骨左缘第2肋间可闻及2级收缩期杂音，P2亢进，固定分裂。 诊断考虑为
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