Text 4Last summer, some twenty-eight thousand homeless people were afforded shelter by the city of New York. Of this number, twelve thou sand were children and six thousand were parents living together in families. The average child was six years old, the average parent twenty seven. A typical homeless family included a mother with two or three children, but in about one-fifth of these families two parents were present. Roughly ten thousand single persons, then, made up the remainder of the population of the city’ s shelter.These proportions vary somewhat from one area of the nation to another. In all areas, however, families are the fastest-growing sector of the homeless population, and in the Northeast they are by far the largest sector already. In Massachusetts, three-fourths of the homeless now are families with children; in certain parts of Massachusetts-Attleboro and Northampton, for example-the proportion reaches 90percent. Two thirds of the homeless children studied recently in Boston were less than five years old.Of the estimated two to three million homeless people nationwide, about 500,000 are dependent children, according to Robert Hayes, counsel to the National Coalition for the homeless. Including their parents, at least 750,000 homeless people in America are family members.What is to be made, then, of the supposition that the homeless are primarily the former residents of mental hospitals, persons who were carelessly released during the 1970s Many of them are, to be sure. Among the older men and women in the streets and shelters, as many as one-third ( some believe as many as one-half) may be chronically disturbed, and a number of these people left mental hospitals during the 1970s. But in a city like New York, where nearly half the homeless are small children with an average of six, to operate on the basis of such a supposition makes no sense. Their parents, with an average age of twenty-seven, are not likely to have been hospitalized in the 1970s, either. What is the author' s opinion on the supposition that the homeless are primarily the former residents of mental hospitals()
A. Denial.
B. Affirmative.
C. Partial affirmative.
D. No opinion.
The first two stages in the development of civilized man were probably the invention of primitive weapons and the discovery of fire, al though nobody knows exactly when acquired the use of (1) .The (2) of language is also obscure. No doubt it began very gradually. Animals have a few cries that serve (3) signals, (4) even the highest apes have not been found able to pronounce words (5) with the most intensive professional instruction. The superior brain of man i, apparently (6) for the mastering of speech. When man became sufficiently intelligent, we must suppose that he (7) the number of cries for different purposes. It was a great day (8) he discovered that speed could be used for narrative. There are those who think that (9) picture language preceded oral language. A man (10) a picture on the wall of his cave to show (11) direction he had gone, or (12) prey he hoped to catch. Probably-picture language and oral language developed side by side. I am inclined to think that language (13) the most important single factor in the development of man. Two important stages came not (14) before the dawn of written history. The first was the domestication of animals; the second was agriculture. Agriculture was (15) in human progress to which subsequently there was nothing comparable (16) our own machine age. Agriculture made possible (17) immense increase in the number of the human species in the regions where it could be successfully practiced. (18) were, at first, only those in which nature fertilized the soil (19) each harvest. Agriculture met with violent resistance from the pastoral nomads, but the agricultural way of life prevailed in the end (20) the physical comforts it provided. 8()
A. like
B. with
C. as
D. by
Text 2Some people would say that the Englishman’ s home is no longer his castle; that it has become his workshop. This is partly because the average Englishman is keen on working with his hands and partly because he feels, for one reason or another, that he must do for himself many household jobs for which, some years ago, he would have hired professional help. The main reason for this is a financial one: the high cost of labor has meant that builders’ and decorators’ costs have reached a level which makes them so high that house - proud English people of modest means hang back. So, if they wish to keep their houses looking bright and smart, they have to deal with some of the repairs and decorating themselves. As a result, there has grown up in the post - war years what is sometimes referred to as the ’ Do - It - Yourself Movement’.The ’Do - It - Yourself Movement’ began with home decorating but has since spread into a much wider field. Nowadays there seem to be very few things that cannot be made by the ’ do - it - yourself’ method. A number of magazines and handbooks exist to show hopeful handymen of all ages just how easy it is to build anything from a coffee table to a fifteen -foot(4.5 meters) sailing boat. All you need, it seems, is a hammer and a few nails. You follow the simple instructions step - by - step and, before you know where you are, the finished article stands before you, complete in every. detail.Unfortunately, alas, it is not always quite as simple as it sounds ! Many a ’ do - it - yourselfer’ has found to his cost that one cannot learn a skilled craftsman’ s job overnight. How quickly one realizes, when doing it oneself, that a job which takes the skilled man an hour or so to complete takes the amateur five or six at least. And then there is the question of tools. The first thing the amateur learns is that he must have the right tools for the job. Bui tools cost money. There is also the wear and tear on the nerves. It is not surprising then that many people have come to the conclusion that the expense of paying professionals to do the work is, in the long run, more economical than ’ doing it oneself’. It can be seen from the passage that the Englishman' s. home has become his workshop NOT because()
A. the cost of hiring professionals is high
B. the Englishman is enthusiastic for working with his hands
C. there are advertisements in ' do - it - yourself' magazines
D. the Englishman feels that he must do some household jobs
关于糖浆剂的说法不正确的是
A. 糖浆剂的含糖量应不低于45%(g/ml)
B. 纯蔗糖的近饱和水溶液为单糖浆
C. 可作矫味剂、助悬剂
D. 可加适量甘油作稳定剂
E. 糖浆剂为高分子溶液