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All over the world, forests are safeguarding the health of the planet itself. They do this (26) protecting the soil, providing water and (27) the climate. Trees (28) soil to mountainsides. Hills (29) the trees have been felled lose 500 times as (30) soil a year as those with trees. Trees catch and (31) rainwater. Their leaves break the impact (32) the rains, robbing them of (33) destructive power. The roots of trees allow the water to go into the soil, (34) gradually releases it to flow down rivers and refill ground-water reserves. Where there are no (35) , the rains run in sheets of water off the land, (36) the soil with them. Land (37) with trees and other plants (38) 20 times more rainwater than (39) earth. As they grow, trees absorb carbon dioxide, the main (40) of the "greenhouse effect" , which (41) irreversibly to change the world’s climate. Together, the world’s trees, plants and soils contain three times as much carbon as (42) is in the atmosphere. The world’s forests (43) the vast majority of its animal and plant species. The tropical rainforests (44) have well over half of them, (45) they cover only about 6% of the Earth’s land surface.

A. bringing
B. carrying
C. taking
D. missing

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The dog, called Prince, was an intelligent animal and a slave to Williams. From morning till night, when Williams was at home, Prince never left his sight, practically ignoring all other members of the family. The dog had a number of clearly defined duties, for which Williams had patiently trained him and, like the good pupil he was, Prince lived for the chance to demonstrate his abilities. When Williams wanted to put on his boots, he would murmur "Boots" and within seconds the dog would drop them at his feet. At nine every morning, Prince ran off to the general store in the village, returning shortly not only with Williams’ daily paper but with a half-ounce packet of Williams’ favorite tobacco, John Rhiney’s Mixed. A gun-dog by breed, Prince possessed a large soft mouth specially evolved for the safe carrying of hunted creatures, so the paper and the tobacco came to no harm, never even showing a tooth mark Williams was a railwayman, an engine driver, and he wore a blue uniform which smelled of oil and oil fuel. He had to work at odd times — "days", "late days" or "nights". Over the years Prince got to know these periods of work and rest, knew when his master would leave the house and return, and the dog did not waste this knowledge. If Williams overslept, as he often did, Prince barked at the bedroom door until he woke, much to the annoyance of the family. On his return, Williams’ slippers were brought to him, the paper and tobacco too if previously undelivered. A curious thing happened to Williams during the snow and ice of last winter. One evening he slipped and fell on the icy pavement somewhere between the village and his home. He was so badly shaken that he stayed in bed for three days; and not until he got up and dressed again did he discover that he had lost his wallet containing over fifty pounds. The house was turned upside down in the search, but the wallet was not found. However, two days later — that was five days after the fall — Prince dropped the wallet into Williams’ hand. Very muddy, stained and wet through, the little case still contained fifty-three pounds, Williams’ driving license and a few other papers. Where the dog had found it no one could tell, but he had found it and recognized it probably by the faint oily smell on the worn leather. It annoyed Williams’ wife and family when ______.

A. Williams had to go to work at night
B. the dog made too much noise in the house
C. Williams made them all get up early
D. the dog would not let them see the newspaper

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It is difficult to say exactly how the music we call "rock" or "rock and roll" began. Its roots go back to many different countries and many different kinds of music and musicians. Rock music developed mainly from the interaction of black African and white European music. The Europeans and the African slaves who came to America during the seventeenth century each had their own different kinds of music. Black Africans used heavy drumbeats, a rough singing voice, and the calling of a melody and answer of a chorus. The white Europeans, mostly English and Scots, used a stronger melody, a less heavy beat, and instruments such as guitars, horns, and fiddles. The history of rock and roll is the history of how rock evolved from these two traditions. From the seventeenth to the twentieth century, musicians in the southern United States developed two new forms of music: the blues, usually played by blacks, and country music, played by whites. Black musicians sang the blues accompanied by a guitar. This music was similar to work songs: stories of troubles and pain, with lines that were repeated several times. The words "rock and roll" probably came from the black churches in the South, where people sang spiritual music and danced to the strong rhythms, which they called "rocking and reeling". At the same time, whites were playing country music, which was mostly traditional dancing music and slow songs that told sad stories. The singers were accompanied by string instruments such as fiddles and guitars. During this time blues and country musicians had some influence on each other, but the influence grew stronger after phonograph records became popular in the late nineteenth century. The birth of the electric guitar changed country and blues music in the 1940s. The sound of the electric guitar would become the sound of rock and roll. No one thinks of early rock and roll without thinking of Elvis Presley, the "King of Rock and Roll". Elvis was an ordinary boy. He grew up poor, learned to sing in church, and became a truck driver when he graduated from high school. No one thought that this young man with the guitar would change popular culture. But after he recorded two blues songs in Memphis, everything changed. He sang throughout the South, and teenagers went crazy over his amazing voice and his attractive performances. His music was an exciting mixture of white country and black blues. With his long hair and tight parts, he became a teenage idol. In two years, he was a national phenomenon. Elvis’s career then went downhill. He went into the army, then stopped performing and made a series of bad movies. He continued to record, but his music rarely had the life of his early songs. He remained the symbol of rock and roll, however, not only in the United States but also around the world. He died in 1977, at the age of 42, but his music did not die with him. Rock music continues to develop and change, but the heart and soul of rock is the same heart and soul that Elvis expressed. The word "lines" (Line 4,Para. 3) means ______.

A. the rhythms of the work songs
B. a group of words in a passage
C. the strings of the guitar
D. a group of words in a song

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It is difficult to say exactly how the music we call "rock" or "rock and roll" began. Its roots go back to many different countries and many different kinds of music and musicians. Rock music developed mainly from the interaction of black African and white European music. The Europeans and the African slaves who came to America during the seventeenth century each had their own different kinds of music. Black Africans used heavy drumbeats, a rough singing voice, and the calling of a melody and answer of a chorus. The white Europeans, mostly English and Scots, used a stronger melody, a less heavy beat, and instruments such as guitars, horns, and fiddles. The history of rock and roll is the history of how rock evolved from these two traditions. From the seventeenth to the twentieth century, musicians in the southern United States developed two new forms of music: the blues, usually played by blacks, and country music, played by whites. Black musicians sang the blues accompanied by a guitar. This music was similar to work songs: stories of troubles and pain, with lines that were repeated several times. The words "rock and roll" probably came from the black churches in the South, where people sang spiritual music and danced to the strong rhythms, which they called "rocking and reeling". At the same time, whites were playing country music, which was mostly traditional dancing music and slow songs that told sad stories. The singers were accompanied by string instruments such as fiddles and guitars. During this time blues and country musicians had some influence on each other, but the influence grew stronger after phonograph records became popular in the late nineteenth century. The birth of the electric guitar changed country and blues music in the 1940s. The sound of the electric guitar would become the sound of rock and roll. No one thinks of early rock and roll without thinking of Elvis Presley, the "King of Rock and Roll". Elvis was an ordinary boy. He grew up poor, learned to sing in church, and became a truck driver when he graduated from high school. No one thought that this young man with the guitar would change popular culture. But after he recorded two blues songs in Memphis, everything changed. He sang throughout the South, and teenagers went crazy over his amazing voice and his attractive performances. His music was an exciting mixture of white country and black blues. With his long hair and tight parts, he became a teenage idol. In two years, he was a national phenomenon. Elvis’s career then went downhill. He went into the army, then stopped performing and made a series of bad movies. He continued to record, but his music rarely had the life of his early songs. He remained the symbol of rock and roll, however, not only in the United States but also around the world. He died in 1977, at the age of 42, but his music did not die with him. Rock music continues to develop and change, but the heart and soul of rock is the same heart and soul that Elvis expressed. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true

A. It is not easy to tell how "rock and roll" began.
Both the blues and country music were developed by the musicians in the southern United States.
C. Both the Europeans and the African slaves came to America during the 17th century.
D. The blues songs recorded in Memphis made Elvis Presley popular throughout the world.

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