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Passage One It is now almost two years since the European Union decided to go ahead with plans to launch a satellite-navigation network to rival America’s existing Global Positioning System (GPS). For much of this time, Galileo, the European system, met with strong opposition from America. However, a round of talks last November seems to have ease American concerns. The final details remained to be negotiated in talks, but the outlook for an agreement was good. The core of the disagreement between the EU and America was whether the signals from the two competing systems might interfere with one another. More specifically, the Americans wanted the ability to jam Galileo without rendering GPS signals ineffective. The agreement reached in November was the first step in this direction. In return for the modification of Galileo’s signals, the Americans agreed to give Europe technical assistance in developing Galileo, and to make sure that the third generation of GPS, to be carried out in 2012, will conform to Galileo’s standards. This will aid the interoperability (互用性)of the two systems, which is a commercial goal of both sides. It will also, in principle, give the Europeans the ability to jam the American signals in the event of a crisis in which the two sides’ interests differ. There is a bewildering array Of different sorts of signals involved in each network. GPS currently has two, a civilian channel known as C/A and a military one, Y-channel. Plans for an additional military channel, called M-code, are in the works. Galileo will debut (初次公开) with five different signals: one freely available to all; a commercial service which is more precise; a "safety-of-life" service that can be used for critical applications; a "public regulated service" (PRS) which will be used by the EU’s governments; and a fifth service that combines positioning information with a distress beacon, which could be used by ships at sea. The negotiations in November resolved a conflict between America’s M-code and the European PRS. What remains is to harmonize Galileo’s free signal with the M-code. Both systems rely on signals precisely timed from atomic clocks carried by the satellites. A user looks at the time on at least four satellites, and triangulates (作三角测量)between them to find his position. Differences in the details of the different signals are what make the fees of applications. Some are more precise than others, and they also have different levels of encryption, to prevent unauthorized users from accessing them. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 3
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Passage Two Despite a wave of hostile publicity, the 1,500-phis lawsuits launched by the music industry in America since last September seem to have had some success. Final figures for 2007 have yet to be released, but preliminary estimates suggest that the decline that has seen worldwide music sales fall by more than a fifth in the past four years was arrested. Inspired by this, the industry’s lawyers launched a second wave of lawsuits. This is just one of many defensive measures being adopted by an industry that is feeling the pressure. There has also been a round of actual and attempted mergers (合并) and alliances, and a wave of restructuring, in order to improve efficiency. EMI has tried to merge with Warner Music, and was also linked with Bertelsmann’s BMG music part. But BMG instead got together with Sony Music, while Warner Music was bought by a private-equity (私募股权) consortium (联合). None of these actions has done anything to change the public’s view of the music industry as one that cheats its customers. One reason that the illegal sharing of music files online is still so widespread is that music-lovers know how little of the price of a CD goes on its manufacture, or to the artist. When it comes to the Internet, the music companies have finally got the message. The industry has at last given its backing to online music stores, such as Apple Computer’s iTunes and Roxio’s Napster 2.0. Even so, the number of 99-cent CDs sold by these companies remains weakened by the free downloads still available using the likes of KaZaA and Grokster. The industry has failed to shut down file-sharing companies whose peer-to-peer software has legal applications. However, behind the scenes the big CD companies are understood to be in talks with these pirates, to see if they can agree on a way to extract payments for songs. According to the International Federation of the Phonographic (留声机的) Industry, the lawsuits against file-shares in America had a "healthy effect on the industry". Despite the industry’s official optimism about its legal strategy, it has limitations. Even after lowering the bar to go after those who have shared hundreds, of songs--rather than thousands--they have still charged less than 0.1% of illegal file-sharers; the lawsuits have made many of the others think twice before downloading illegal music, but plenty have continued regardless. Moreover, the strategy has created public-relations problems, worsening the public view of the industry as greedy. It can be inferred from the fourth paragraph that______.
Passage Two Despite a wave of hostile publicity, the 1,500-phis lawsuits launched by the music industry in America since last September seem to have had some success. Final figures for 2007 have yet to be released, but preliminary estimates suggest that the decline that has seen worldwide music sales fall by more than a fifth in the past four years was arrested. Inspired by this, the industry’s lawyers launched a second wave of lawsuits. This is just one of many defensive measures being adopted by an industry that is feeling the pressure. There has also been a round of actual and attempted mergers (合并) and alliances, and a wave of restructuring, in order to improve efficiency. EMI has tried to merge with Warner Music, and was also linked with Bertelsmann’s BMG music part. But BMG instead got together with Sony Music, while Warner Music was bought by a private-equity (私募股权) consortium (联合). None of these actions has done anything to change the public’s view of the music industry as one that cheats its customers. One reason that the illegal sharing of music files online is still so widespread is that music-lovers know how little of the price of a CD goes on its manufacture, or to the artist. When it comes to the Internet, the music companies have finally got the message. The industry has at last given its backing to online music stores, such as Apple Computer’s iTunes and Roxio’s Napster 2.0. Even so, the number of 99-cent CDs sold by these companies remains weakened by the free downloads still available using the likes of KaZaA and Grokster. The industry has failed to shut down file-sharing companies whose peer-to-peer software has legal applications. However, behind the scenes the big CD companies are understood to be in talks with these pirates, to see if they can agree on a way to extract payments for songs. According to the International Federation of the Phonographic (留声机的) Industry, the lawsuits against file-shares in America had a "healthy effect on the industry". Despite the industry’s official optimism about its legal strategy, it has limitations. Even after lowering the bar to go after those who have shared hundreds, of songs--rather than thousands--they have still charged less than 0.1% of illegal file-sharers; the lawsuits have made many of the others think twice before downloading illegal music, but plenty have continued regardless. Moreover, the strategy has created public-relations problems, worsening the public view of the industry as greedy. Which of the following is true according to the second paragraph
Passage One It is now almost two years since the European Union decided to go ahead with plans to launch a satellite-navigation network to rival America’s existing Global Positioning System (GPS). For much of this time, Galileo, the European system, met with strong opposition from America. However, a round of talks last November seems to have ease American concerns. The final details remained to be negotiated in talks, but the outlook for an agreement was good. The core of the disagreement between the EU and America was whether the signals from the two competing systems might interfere with one another. More specifically, the Americans wanted the ability to jam Galileo without rendering GPS signals ineffective. The agreement reached in November was the first step in this direction. In return for the modification of Galileo’s signals, the Americans agreed to give Europe technical assistance in developing Galileo, and to make sure that the third generation of GPS, to be carried out in 2012, will conform to Galileo’s standards. This will aid the interoperability (互用性)of the two systems, which is a commercial goal of both sides. It will also, in principle, give the Europeans the ability to jam the American signals in the event of a crisis in which the two sides’ interests differ. There is a bewildering array Of different sorts of signals involved in each network. GPS currently has two, a civilian channel known as C/A and a military one, Y-channel. Plans for an additional military channel, called M-code, are in the works. Galileo will debut (初次公开) with five different signals: one freely available to all; a commercial service which is more precise; a "safety-of-life" service that can be used for critical applications; a "public regulated service" (PRS) which will be used by the EU’s governments; and a fifth service that combines positioning information with a distress beacon, which could be used by ships at sea. The negotiations in November resolved a conflict between America’s M-code and the European PRS. What remains is to harmonize Galileo’s free signal with the M-code. Both systems rely on signals precisely timed from atomic clocks carried by the satellites. A user looks at the time on at least four satellites, and triangulates (作三角测量)between them to find his position. Differences in the details of the different signals are what make the fees of applications. Some are more precise than others, and they also have different levels of encryption, to prevent unauthorized users from accessing them. What can be inferred from the first paragraph
Passage One It is now almost two years since the European Union decided to go ahead with plans to launch a satellite-navigation network to rival America’s existing Global Positioning System (GPS). For much of this time, Galileo, the European system, met with strong opposition from America. However, a round of talks last November seems to have ease American concerns. The final details remained to be negotiated in talks, but the outlook for an agreement was good. The core of the disagreement between the EU and America was whether the signals from the two competing systems might interfere with one another. More specifically, the Americans wanted the ability to jam Galileo without rendering GPS signals ineffective. The agreement reached in November was the first step in this direction. In return for the modification of Galileo’s signals, the Americans agreed to give Europe technical assistance in developing Galileo, and to make sure that the third generation of GPS, to be carried out in 2012, will conform to Galileo’s standards. This will aid the interoperability (互用性)of the two systems, which is a commercial goal of both sides. It will also, in principle, give the Europeans the ability to jam the American signals in the event of a crisis in which the two sides’ interests differ. There is a bewildering array Of different sorts of signals involved in each network. GPS currently has two, a civilian channel known as C/A and a military one, Y-channel. Plans for an additional military channel, called M-code, are in the works. Galileo will debut (初次公开) with five different signals: one freely available to all; a commercial service which is more precise; a "safety-of-life" service that can be used for critical applications; a "public regulated service" (PRS) which will be used by the EU’s governments; and a fifth service that combines positioning information with a distress beacon, which could be used by ships at sea. The negotiations in November resolved a conflict between America’s M-code and the European PRS. What remains is to harmonize Galileo’s free signal with the M-code. Both systems rely on signals precisely timed from atomic clocks carried by the satellites. A user looks at the time on at least four satellites, and triangulates (作三角测量)between them to find his position. Differences in the details of the different signals are what make the fees of applications. Some are more precise than others, and they also have different levels of encryption, to prevent unauthorized users from accessing them. Why did the Americans agree to offer EU some technical help
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