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如何对社会认知的印象进行整合与整理
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简述研究晕轮效应的现实意义。
In the past 35 years, hundreds of millions of Chinese have found productive, if often exhausting, work in the country’s growing cities. This extraordinary mobilization of labour is the biggest economic event of the past half-century. The world has seen nothing on such scale before. Will it see anything like it again The answer lies across the Himalayas in India. India is an ancient civilization but a youthful country. Its working-age population is rising by about 12m people a year, even as China’s shrank last year by 3m. Within a decade India will have the biggest potential workforce in the world. Optimists look forward to a bumper "demographic dividend", the result of more workers per dependant and more saving out of income. This combination accounted for perhaps a third of the East Asian miracle. India "has time on its side, literally," boasted one prominent politician, Kamal Nath, in a 2008 book entitled "India’s Century". But although India’s dreamers have faith in its youth, the country’s youngest have growing reason to doubt India. The economy raised aspirations that it has subsequently failed to meet. From 2005 to 2007 it grew by about 9% a year. In 2010 it even grew faster than China (if the two economies are measured consistently). But growth has since halved. India’s impressive savings rate, the other side of the demographic dividend, has also slipped. Worryingly, a growing share of household saving is bypassing the financial system altogether, seeking refuge from inflation in gold, bricks and mortar. The last time a Congress-led government liberalized the economy in earnest—in 1991—over 40% of today’s Indians had yet to be born. Their anxieties must seem remote to India’s elderly politicians. The average age of cabinet minister is 65. The country has never had a prime minister born in independent India. One man who might buck that trend, Rahul Gandhi, is the son, grandson and the great-grandson of former prime ministers. India is run by gerontocrats (老年统治者) and epigones (子孙): grey hairs and groomed heirs. The apparent indifference of the police to the way young women in particular are treated has underlined the way that old India fails to protect new India. Which is true according to Paragraph 2
美国心理学家维纳总结的四种归因是什么
美国社会心理学家阿希做了一个实验。他给被试者看一张列有聪明、灵巧、勤奋、坚定、热情等五种品质的表格，要求被试者想象一个具有这五种品质的人。被试者普遍把具有这五种品质的人想象为一个理想的友善的人。然后，他把这张表格中的热情换为冷酷，再要求被试者根据这五种品质想象出一个适合的人。结果发现，被试者普遍推翻了原来的形象，而产生了一个完全不同的形象。 上述实验说明了什么问题如何克服该实验所揭示的效应
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