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A very important world problem is the increasing number of people who actually inhabit this planet. The limited amount of land and land resources will soon be unable to support the huge population if it continues to grow at its present rate. So why is this huge increase in population taking place It is really due to the spread of the knowledge and practice of what is becoming known as "Death Control". You have no doubt heard of the term "Birth Control". "Death Control" is something rather different. It recognises the work of the doctors and scientists who now keep alive people who, not very long ago, would have died of a variety of then incurable diseases. Through a wide variety of technological innovations that include farming methods and the control of deadly diseases, we have found ways to reduce the rate at which we die. However, this success is the very cause of the greatest threat to mankind. If we examine the amount of land available for this ever-increasing population, we begin to see the problem. If everyone on the planet had an equal share of land, we would each have about 50,000 square metres. This figure seems to be quite encouraging until we examine the amount of usable land we actually have. More than three-fifths of the world’s land cannot produce food. Obviously, with so little land to support us, we should be taking great care not to reduce it further. But we are not! Instead, we are consuming its "capital"—its nonrenewable fossil fuels and other mineral deposits that took millions of years to form but which are now being destroyed in decades. We are also doing the same with other vital resources not usually thought of as being nonrenewable such as fertile soils, groundwater and the millions of other species that share the earth with us. It is a very common belief that the problems of the population explosion are caused mainly by poor people living in poor countries who do not know enough to limit their reproduction. This is not true. The actual number of people in an area is not as important as the effect they have on nature. Developing countries do have an effect on their environment, but it is the populations of richer countries that have a far greater impact on the earth as a whole. According to the passage, what contributes to the population increase
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Every group has a culture, however uncivilized it may seem to us. To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist, there is no intrinsic hierarchy among languages.People once thought of the languages of backward groups as undeveloped. While it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of "backward" languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex. They differ from western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflect the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this aspect, two things are to he noted. First, all languages seem to possess the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. Second, the objects and activities requiting names and distinctions in "backward" languages, while different from the west, are often surprisingly numerous and complicated. A western language distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness "this" and "that". But some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker, or to the person addressed, or removed from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future. The author’s attitude shown in this passage toward "backward" languages is （）.
A person’s home is as much a reflection of his personality as the clothes he wears. The food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time. Depending on personality, most have in mind a(n) " (91) home". But in general, and especially for the students or new wage earners, there are practical (92) of cash and location on achieving that idea.Cash (93) , in fact, often means that the only way of (94) when you leave school is to stay at home for a while until things (95) financially. There are obvious (96) of living at home—personal laundry is usually (97) done along the family wash; meals are provided and there will be well-established circle of friends to (98) . And there is (99) the responsibility for paying bills, rates, etc.On the other hand, (100) depends on how a family gets on. Do your parents like your friends You may love your family— (101) do you like them Are you prepared to be (102) when your parents ask where you are going in the evening and what time you expect to be back If you find you cannot manage a(n) (103) and that you finally have the money to leave, how do you (104) finding somewhere else to liveIf you plan to stay in your home area, the possibilities are (105) well-known to you already. Friends and local papers are always (106) If you are going to work in a (107) area, again there are the papers and accommodation agencies, (108) these should be approached with (109) Agencies are allowed to charge a fee, usually the (110) of the first week’s rent, if you take accommodation they have found for you. （12）处填入（）。
A person’s home is as much a reflection of his personality as the clothes he wears. The food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time. Depending on personality, most have in mind a(n) " (91) home". But in general, and especially for the students or new wage earners, there are practical (92) of cash and location on achieving that idea.Cash (93) , in fact, often means that the only way of (94) when you leave school is to stay at home for a while until things (95) financially. There are obvious (96) of living at home—personal laundry is usually (97) done along the family wash; meals are provided and there will be well-established circle of friends to (98) . And there is (99) the responsibility for paying bills, rates, etc.On the other hand, (100) depends on how a family gets on. Do your parents like your friends You may love your family— (101) do you like them Are you prepared to be (102) when your parents ask where you are going in the evening and what time you expect to be back If you find you cannot manage a(n) (103) and that you finally have the money to leave, how do you (104) finding somewhere else to liveIf you plan to stay in your home area, the possibilities are (105) well-known to you already. Friends and local papers are always (106) If you are going to work in a (107) area, again there are the papers and accommodation agencies, (108) these should be approached with (109) Agencies are allowed to charge a fee, usually the (110) of the first week’s rent, if you take accommodation they have found for you. （7）处填入（）。
Most people would be impressed by the high quality of medicine available to most Americans. There is a lot of specialization, a great deal of attention to the individual, a vast amount of advanced technical equipment, and intense effort not to make mistakes because of the financial risk which doctors and hospitals must face in the courts if they handle things badly.But the Americans are in a mess. The problem is the way in which health care is organized and financed. Contrary to public belief, it is not just a free competition system. To the private system has been joined a large public system, because private care was simply not looking after the less fortunate and the elderly.But even with this huge public part of the system, which this year will eat up 84.5 billion dollars—more than 10 percent of the U. S. budget—large numbers of Americans are left out. These include about half the 11 million unemployed and those who fail to meet the strict limits on income fixed by a government trying to make savings where it can.The basic problem, however, is that there is no central control over the health system. There is no limit to what doctors and hospitals charge for their services, other than what the public is able to pay. The number of doctors has shot up and prices have climbed. When faced with toothache, a sick child, or a heart attack, all the unfortunate person concerned can do is pay up.Two-thirds of the population are covered by medical insurance. Doctors charge as much as they want knowing that the insurance company will pay the bill.The medical profession has as a result become America’s new big businessmen. The average income of doctors has now reached $ 100,000 a year. With such vast incomes the talk in the doctor’s surgery is as likely to be about the doctor’s latest financial deal, as about whether the minor operation he is recommending at, several thousand dollars is entirely necessary.The rising cost of medicine in the U. S. A. is among the most worrying problem facing the country. In 1981 the country’s health cost climbed 15.9 percent—about twice as fast as prices in general. The word "they" underlined in Paragraph 5 refers to （）.
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