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Smokers who want to kick the habit might soon get help from a product that’s being tested at the University at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine: a mouth wash that makes cigarettes taste bad. It could be on the market within a year. The anti-smoking rinse itself tastes rather pleasant. But if you light up within 6 to 8 hours of smoking it, your cigarette will taste like burnt rubber and you won’t smoke past the first puff, explains Dr. Sebastian Ciancio, director of the Center for Dental Studies at the University of Buffalo. Ciancio is heading up a pilot study in which 10 smokers, each of whom normally smoke at least a pack of cigarettes a day, are rinsing their mouths three times daily with the anti-smoking solution. Another 10 are getting a placebo. Prior to this study, only the inventor had tested the anti-smoking rinse—a chemist who does not wish to be identified—and a few of his friends, who say it enabled them to quit smoking. And Ciancio has no shortage of volunteers: The waiting list to participate in the study is already full. "People arc desperate," he says. If the pilot study is successful, it will be expanded. Not only might the patented formulation deter smoking, Ciancio adds, but it also appears to reduce plaque, gingivitis, and halitosis. Manufacturing the rinse, he estimates, would cost approximately the same as conventional mouthwashes. We can know from the passage that ______.
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Irish Dolphins may Have a Unique Dialect Irish scientists monitoring dolphins living in a river estuary in the southwest of the country believe they may have developed a unique dialect to communicate with each other. The Shannon Dolphin and Wildlife Foundation (SDWF) has been studying a group of up to 120 bottle-nose dolphins in the River Shannon using vocalizations collected on a computer in a cow shed near the River Shannon. As part of a research project, student Ronan Hickey digitized and analyzed a total of 1,882 whistles from the Irish dolphins and those from the Welsh dolphins on a computer and separated them into six fundamental whistle types and 32 different categories. Of the categories, he found most were used by both sets of dolphins but eight were only heard from the Irish dolphins. "We are building up a catalogue of the different whistle types they use and trying to associate them with behavior like foraging, resting, socializing and the communications of groups with calves," project leader Simon Berrow said. "Essentially we are building up what is like a dictionary of words they use or sounds they make." Berrow, a marine biologist, said the dolphins’ clicks are used to find their way around and locate prey. The whistles are communications. "They do a whole range of other sounds like barks, groans and a kind of gunshot," he said. "The gunshot is an intense pulse of sound. Sperm whales use it to stun their prey." "When I first heard it I was surprised as I thought sperm whales were the only species who used it. We can speculate the dolphins are using it for the same reason as the sperm whales," Berrow said. References in local legend indicate there have been dolphins in the Shannon estuary for generations and they may even have been resident there as far back as the 6th century. They are regularly seen by passengers on the Shannon ferry and an estimated 25,000 tourists every year take special sightseeing tours on local boats to visit them. As early as the 6th century, Irish fishermen started raising dolphins in the Shannon estuary.
Text Liwan is the name of Guangzhou’s southwest district, bordered by Renmin Lu to the south and west. Not so long ago, in the (26) 1900s, this area of the city was renowned (27) its Cantonese restaurants, gardens, teahouses and boat rides on (28) many waterways. This was at a time (29) the Liwan area was (30) into a new town in much the same way (31) the Tianhe area is now becoming the place to be in Guangzhou. Today, though, the Liwan district (32) rapid development (33) new high-rise apartment buildings are mushrooming everywhere. Most of the rivers that crossed the area (34) now disappeared, and (35) we can get to a boat ride is hiring a pedal boat on Liwan Lake. Fortunately, some attempt is (36) to preserve the area’s architectural and cultural heritage, particularly on the streets around Liwan Lake Park. On Longjin Xi Lu, for instance, you can still see some of the Xiguan houses and (37) unique wooden doors. These large three or four-story grey-brick houses were built (38) a Western style, and the interiors were decorated with the best of local crafts, (39) stained glass windows and (40) wooden furniture. They were the (41) of the neighborhood at the turn of the last century. As well as these Xiguan houses, the area (42) has some large European-style stone buildings. The Liwan Museum is (43) in one of these colonial buildings. It was built in 1912 for the local branch manager of a Hong Kong bank. The museum is stocked (44) with memorabilia (大事记) from Liwan’s colorful past—old photographs, maps, Cantonese opera costumes and (45) scrolls (名册). To find the museum, walk south along Longjin Xi Lu from the Liwan Lake Park’s entrance till the crossroads, then turn right.
Smokers who want to kick the habit might soon get help from a product that’s being tested at the University at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine: a mouth wash that makes cigarettes taste bad. It could be on the market within a year. The anti-smoking rinse itself tastes rather pleasant. But if you light up within 6 to 8 hours of smoking it, your cigarette will taste like burnt rubber and you won’t smoke past the first puff, explains Dr. Sebastian Ciancio, director of the Center for Dental Studies at the University of Buffalo. Ciancio is heading up a pilot study in which 10 smokers, each of whom normally smoke at least a pack of cigarettes a day, are rinsing their mouths three times daily with the anti-smoking solution. Another 10 are getting a placebo. Prior to this study, only the inventor had tested the anti-smoking rinse—a chemist who does not wish to be identified—and a few of his friends, who say it enabled them to quit smoking. And Ciancio has no shortage of volunteers: The waiting list to participate in the study is already full. "People arc desperate," he says. If the pilot study is successful, it will be expanded. Not only might the patented formulation deter smoking, Ciancio adds, but it also appears to reduce plaque, gingivitis, and halitosis. Manufacturing the rinse, he estimates, would cost approximately the same as conventional mouthwashes. What does "it" refer to in the last sentence of the fourth paragraph
Do Patients Trust Doctors Too Much Earlier this year, the American College of Surgeons, the national scientific and educational organization of surgeons conducted a nationwide survey that found that the average patient devotes an hour or less to researching his or her surgery or surgeon. While prospective patients worry about the costs or complications of an operation, they don’t necessarily look for information that would address their concerns. In fact, more than a third of patients who had an operation in the last five years never reviewed the credentials of the surgeon who operated. Patients are more likely to spend time researching a job change (on average, about 10 hours) or a new car (8 hours) than the operation they are about to submit to or the surgeon who wields (支配) the knife. And many patients are satisfied with the answers they receive from their surgeons or primary care doctors, whoever those individuals happen to be. I felt curious about the survey, so I called Dr. Thomas Russell, executive director of the American College of Surgeons. "There is a tendency for patients not to get particularly involved and not to feel compelled to look into their surgery or surgeons." he told me. There are consequences to that kind of blind trust. "Today, medicine and surgery are really team sports." Dr. Russell continued, "and the patient, as the ultimate decision maker, is the most important member of the team. Mistakes can happen, and patients have to be educated and must understand what is going on. " In other words, a healthy doctor-patient relationship does not simply entail good bedside manners and responsible office management on the part of the doctor. It also requires that patients come to the relationship educated about their doctors, their illnesses and their treatment. "If we are truly going to reform the health care system in the US," Dr. Russell said, "everybody has to participate actively and must educate themselves. That means doctors, nurses, other health care professionals, lawyers pharmaceutical companies, and insurance companies. But most of all, it means the patient." Trust is important. But as Sir Francis Bacon, who was among the first to understand the importance of gathering data in science, once observed, knowledge is power. Medicine and surgery are now really team sports in which______.
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