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长达公司是以生产民用橡胶制品为主的中小型企业。公司产品品种繁多，大小20余种，主要是传统的民用产品，有一部分也供给其他企业作配件。橡胶制品行业目前处于技术含量不高、产品微利、竞争却非常激烈的状况。但在经济形势日趋好转，国民经济保持稳步发展的环境下，整个行业也略有发展，近年来平均发展速度大体上为5%。长达公司这几年由于产品品种的缘故，销路尚可，这几年销售增长率缓慢上升，平均保持在4.5%～4.8%的水平。该公司产品有部分出口，但由于出口量不大，因此国内、国外的销售工作均由销售部负责。最近公司正在为如何开拓市场、扩大市场占有率而花费心机。公司总经理召集各部门经理进行商议。会上有人提出，我们的问题在于缺乏有竞争力的产品，现有的产品都是别的企业也有的，大家都“在一个锅里抢饭”，不如我们另辟蹊径。现在社会上棒球的爱好者极多，特别是中小学生在课余时间普遍练习棒球。而真正的棒球钉鞋价钱太高，普通的胶底鞋又不甚合用。公司可以开发出一种硬质的胶底鞋，来满足市场的需要，同时也为自己开辟出一个新的市场。大家对此非常赞同，于是围绕这一创意展开广泛讨论。研究与开发部门认为，开发这一新产品技术上不成问题；但生产部门提出是新建还是改建生产线，需要慎重考虑。销售部也提出原来的产品尚有一定市场，不应放弃。财务部经理告诉大家，由于公司的产品在市场上的销路尚可，因此资金的周转基本正常。 总之，从目前公司各方面情况来看，条件还是有利的。 经过研究，生产硬质胶底鞋的创意正式通过。研究与开发部随后研制出一种专供打棒球用的硬底胶鞋，质量也不错。生产部门随即改造了一条普通胶底鞋生产线将新产品投入批量生产。与此同时，销售部在全国展开广告宣传，并将产品推向市场。 但是，事与愿违，销售成绩并不理想，批发商和零售商因产品滞销而纷纷要求退货。可以说这一计划是全盘失败了。 请根据案例提供的资料，回答下面的问题： 案例中虽未详细描述，但根据现有的资料，推知该公司开发新产品的决策属于( )。
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长达公司是以生产民用橡胶制品为主的中小型企业。公司产品品种繁多，大小20余种，主要是传统的民用产品，有一部分也供给其他企业作配件。橡胶制品行业目前处于技术含量不高、产品微利、竞争却非常激烈的状况。但在经济形势日趋好转，国民经济保持稳步发展的环境下，整个行业也略有发展，近年来平均发展速度大体上为5%。长达公司这几年由于产品品种的缘故，销路尚可，这几年销售增长率缓慢上升，平均保持在4.5%～4.8%的水平。该公司产品有部分出口，但由于出口量不大，因此国内、国外的销售工作均由销售部负责。最近公司正在为如何开拓市场、扩大市场占有率而花费心机。公司总经理召集各部门经理进行商议。会上有人提出，我们的问题在于缺乏有竞争力的产品，现有的产品都是别的企业也有的，大家都“在一个锅里抢饭”，不如我们另辟蹊径。现在社会上棒球的爱好者极多，特别是中小学生在课余时间普遍练习棒球。而真正的棒球钉鞋价钱太高，普通的胶底鞋又不甚合用。公司可以开发出一种硬质的胶底鞋，来满足市场的需要，同时也为自己开辟出一个新的市场。大家对此非常赞同，于是围绕这一创意展开广泛讨论。研究与开发部门认为，开发这一新产品技术上不成问题；但生产部门提出是新建还是改建生产线，需要慎重考虑。销售部也提出原来的产品尚有一定市场，不应放弃。财务部经理告诉大家，由于公司的产品在市场上的销路尚可，因此资金的周转基本正常。 总之，从目前公司各方面情况来看，条件还是有利的。 经过研究，生产硬质胶底鞋的创意正式通过。研究与开发部随后研制出一种专供打棒球用的硬底胶鞋，质量也不错。生产部门随即改造了一条普通胶底鞋生产线将新产品投入批量生产。与此同时，销售部在全国展开广告宣传，并将产品推向市场。 但是，事与愿违，销售成绩并不理想，批发商和零售商因产品滞销而纷纷要求退货。可以说这一计划是全盘失败了。 请根据案例提供的资料，回答下面的问题： 该公司为发展新产品而召开的会议上，各部门经理纷纷发言，此时他们行使的是( )。
They cannot stay organized. They finish their homework but then lose it. And they often have trouble focusing in class. In schools across the U. S. young boys are falling behind, while young girls are thriving. Once again, learning differences between the sexes have become a big issue for educators in American schools.In classrooms across the U. S. , there is a new trend that worries educators. In every category and demographic group, boys are falling behind in school.Anita Doyle is a learning specialist who works with kids who are having academic troubles at the private Episcopal High School outside Washington D. C."In this year’s freshman class, I met about five girls and about 30 boys but I have continued to meet with the boys and I don’t see any of the girls. All of the girls have kind of figured out how to do things and they are on their own. Between myself and another learning specialist we meet with about 20 other boys," she says.Episcopal is an elite private high school that admits students based on standardized test scores and grades. Students are generally of similar academic ability.Yet Anita Doyle still sees dramatic differences In performance between the sexes. "A 14-year-old girl is academically more mature than a 14-year-old boy. This makes a huge difference, especially in the high school years. Because, what you are asking of high schoolers is to keep track of five or six subjects, plan ahead for their long term projects, decide what is important to study, to review for tests, and to prioritize, And many boys are not ready to do that task."Recent scientific research suggests that many of these differences may be hard-wired in the brain. Boys mature a year or more later than girls, and are twice as likely to have a learning disability. They tend to fidget and lose focus easily. Brain studies suggest they process language and emotions less efficiently than girls. Boys in the U. S. bring home 70 percent of poor or failing grades and receive the bulk of school suspensions.Twenty years ago, it was the girls who had fallen behind, and efforts to improve their academic performance included hiring more female teachers, who were sensitive to girls’ needs.That has had an impact on boys, says Alvaro Devicente, the Headmaster of The Heights School, a private all-boys school in the Washington area. "I think that in many eases boys are falling behind because there hag been a process over the last 20 years, a process of education becoming more feminine," he said. "And I mean that in sort of a realistic factual sense. Because if you look at the statistics there is a majority of women teachers and a majority of girls in the school that everything gets tailored to the girls and the young women."Armed with the latest statistics, many parents are abandoning the idea of gender equality in schools, acknowledging the differences between the sexes, and turning to same-sex education. The faculty of The Heights School is all male and caters to what Devicente says are the special learning needs of young boys."There have been studies, very interesting studies about how boys hear differently than girls," Devicente notes. "For a boy to really hear the tone, the volume has to ha louder. So if the teacher is speaking at a volume that is comfortable for girls, the boy is going to get distracted because it is like elevator music almost. You start looking around and you are surely going to find a distraction if you are a 12-year-old in a classroom."At the Heights school, boys are given four breaks a day. They are allowed to play tackle football, throw snowballs and vent all of their pent-up energy. Mr. Devieente says that improves their concentration in class."I think that one thing that may happen in other schools is that the way that they try to control boys is by thwarting their passion," he says. "Keeping a lid on them and getting them to do the right thing. And that is very dangerous because you can’t ask a boy to fake it. You have to redirect his passion, and they are going to be passionate and they should be passionate."Ms. Doyle, says it is not a character flaw. "You have got to understand that the way boys behave is not a character flaw. It is who they are," she says. "So you have to start with that premise. You have to start at a situation where they can see what they are capable of."Most educators agree that a wholesale change of teaching practices in schools runs the risk of doing more harm than good. But many believe accepting that differences do exist between the sexes is a starting point for realizing the full potential of every student. In many cases boys are falling behind because the process of education is becoming more ().
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M: When my brother Dan was diagnosed with brain cancer in 2001 and was told he likely had less than a year to live, my family was in complete shock. We immediately started asking questions, many of which went unanswered because there was either no relevant information available (including what causes brain cancer) or conflicting information (including how to treat it). In the middle of our horrific family crisis, we didn’t know who to believe or what we could do. It was this firsthand experience, along with the everyday health issues that all families face, that made me realize that even though the US has some of the best doctors in the world, our nation’s health care system is broken and desperately needs to be fixed. Indeed, even calling it "health care" is somewhat misleading. Given that an estimated 98% of spending goes toward treating illness and only about 2% toward prevention and wellness, it would be more accurate to refer to it as the "sick care" system.From my own personal experience, I’ve discovered that the complex maze of paperwork, uncertainty and confusion that marks today’s health care system are merely symptoms of a much larger illness that affects millions of consumers. The fundamental issue is that, at least in America, the nation’s current health care model does not engage consumers to better manage their own health.One way to cure this is people to make efforts to stay healthy. In the "staying healthy" industry, consumers today spend billions of dollars a year on gym memberships, fitness gear, fruits and vegetables, massages, acupuncture and personal trainers. This broad and diverse industry allows consumers to pick and choose from a variety of providers who are competing for their business. These businesses have to offer clear transparency, competitive prices and superior quality.But something happens when you get a cold, or worse, and are plunged into the black hole of co-payments, insurance claims, preset doctor lists, HMOs, PPOs--and utter dysfunction.The problem is that when most consumers get sick, employers and insurance companies usually pick up the tab. Meanwhile, the consumer is caught in the middle while these two competing forces try to minimize their expenditures. Most of the time, consumers have no idea how much their procedures cost, nor do they care--they’re focused more on their own modest co-pay.Though the challenges of the health care system seem daunting, I see two key trends that will cause major changes to the industry.The first is the shifting financial burden for health coverage to employees. Consumers are now paying more for their health coverage, which means they are demanding more in return. It’s simple economics that if people are paying extra, they will want a bigger role in the decisions about their health care.The second trend is the increasing number of consumers who are concerned about living healthier lives. This is proved by their increased spending in the "staying healthy" industry. Not only are they buying, but consumers are also looking for more information about how to improve their health, fitness and wellness.These trends and my own personal experiences with the health care industry motivated me to create Revolution Health with the hope that we could help produce a shift to a new system driven by consumers, shaped by market forces and powered by technology.Some say health care will never change because consumers tend to be passive about their health. But I truly believe people will be more responsible for improving their health--they just need to be empowered and given tools to make better choices. The speaker believes that people can be proactive about their health if they are supported and informed.
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