第一篇 Giving Up SmokingA number of devices are available to help a person quit smoking. Nicotine(尼古丁) patches are small, nicotine-containing adhesive(粘着性的) discs applied to the skin. The nicotine is slowly absorbed through the skin and enters the bloodstream. Over time, the nicotine dose is reduced and eventually the desire for nicotine is eased. Nicotine gum works in a similar manner, providing small doses of nicotine when chewed.The benefits of giving up smoking include the immediate reduction of harm to the health of the smoking and easily admission to social activities and institutions that ban smoking. In a 1988 report, the U.S. Surgeon General declared cigarette smoking to be more harmful and expensive than the use of cocaine (可卡因), alcohol, or heroin. Recent evidence supports this claim.The United States government has collected a special tax on cigarettes for several decades. The rate rose from 8 cents per pack of 20 cigarettes in 1951 to 24 cents per pack in 1993. In other developed countries, the cigarette tax rate is much higher, ranging from 50 percent in Switzerland to 85 percent in Denmark.In the United States, the first direct action to check smoking was the regulation of a warming on cigarette packages by the Federal Trade Commission. This warning took effect in 1964 and was strengthened in 1969 to read:“Warning: The Surgeon General Has Determined That Cigarette Smoking Is Dangerous to Your Health.”In 1971 all cigarette advertising was banned from radio and television, and cities and states passed laws requiring nonsmoking sections in public places and workplaces. Which of the following is said to be the most expensive and harmful()
A. Consuming alcohol.
B. Using heroin.
C. Smoking cigarettes.
D. Taking cocaine.
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Passage Two Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard. What did Matty Sallin do before making the new type of alarm clock?()
A. He studied the designs of various clocks.
B. He did experiments on different materials.
C. He bought an alarm clock with a pig face.
D. He asked different people for their opinions.
The work for which Thomas Malthus is still most widely known is his Essay on the Principle of Population, which first appeared in 1798. This book introduced Malthus’s __67__ that population inescapably outgrows subsistence (生活资料), and that this difference __68__ population size and the ability to adequately meet the __69__ subsistence needs of all the members of that population " naturally" produces a fundamental struggle for __70__ in which some flourish at the __71__ of others. Charles Darwin’s most important contribution __72__ the field of biology, described in his work. On the Origin of Species, was to __73__ Malthus’s observation that plants and animals multiply faster than nature can provide for them to his own __74__ of the process of "evolution" - the notion that different forms of life develop __75__ from a common ancestry (祖先). Combining these elements, Darwin __76__ that the factors of "the struggle for existence" and "the survival of the fittest" are the central mechanisms __77__ which evolution is based. In this sense, then. Darwin introduced the possibility __78__ conflict and struggle are biological phenomena, which are __79__ central to human social existence. A number of more contemporary social thinkers were __80__ by Darwin and continued this particular version of the conflict perspective, commonly referred to __81__ social Darwinism, into the twentieth century-Thus, for example, Herbert Spencer, a __82__ English social theorist, applied these ideas of the natural __83__ of conflict and survival of the fittest to his . notion of social evolution, __84__ William Graham Summer, an American sociologist, saw the __85__ for survival among individual actors as operating to bring about fundamental __86__ in the quality of human social life overall. 68()
A. between
B. of
C. amid
D. about
1998年5月,某市晚报的广告版面上刊发了一则“人体电子增高”治疗仪的广告,该广告称:“该产品对矮个子青年增高有明显效果,经临床试验证明,半年内可增高3至7厘米,无任何副作用。产品已通过中国科学院、有关单位医师、高级工程师及专家鉴定,符合科学及医学原理,适合16岁至25岁的男女青年使用,是矮小青少年的最佳健美增高器。该产品为某市医疗器械厂生产,欲购者可直接与该厂联系,价格为每个240元,款到寄货。”该市一些青少年从晚报上看到该广告后,便按广告上提供的地址寄款邮购。但款寄去后,杳无音讯,于是,纷纷向工商行政部门投诉。经查证,某市医疗器械厂并不存在,联系发布该广告的人已去向不明,所留下的有关证明文件也均系伪造。 问: 消费者该向谁求偿?为什么?
The work for which Thomas Malthus is still most widely known is his Essay on the Principle of Population, which first appeared in 1798. This book introduced Malthus’s __67__ that population inescapably outgrows subsistence (生活资料), and that this difference __68__ population size and the ability to adequately meet the __69__ subsistence needs of all the members of that population " naturally" produces a fundamental struggle for __70__ in which some flourish at the __71__ of others. Charles Darwin’s most important contribution __72__ the field of biology, described in his work. On the Origin of Species, was to __73__ Malthus’s observation that plants and animals multiply faster than nature can provide for them to his own __74__ of the process of "evolution" - the notion that different forms of life develop __75__ from a common ancestry (祖先). Combining these elements, Darwin __76__ that the factors of "the struggle for existence" and "the survival of the fittest" are the central mechanisms __77__ which evolution is based. In this sense, then. Darwin introduced the possibility __78__ conflict and struggle are biological phenomena, which are __79__ central to human social existence. A number of more contemporary social thinkers were __80__ by Darwin and continued this particular version of the conflict perspective, commonly referred to __81__ social Darwinism, into the twentieth century-Thus, for example, Herbert Spencer, a __82__ English social theorist, applied these ideas of the natural __83__ of conflict and survival of the fittest to his . notion of social evolution, __84__ William Graham Summer, an American sociologist, saw the __85__ for survival among individual actors as operating to bring about fundamental __86__ in the quality of human social life overall. 86()
A. opportunities
B. advances
C. adventures
D. oppositions