河豚的身体短而肥厚,生有毛发状的小刺,坚韧而厚实的河豚皮曾经被人用来制作头盔。河豚的上下颌的牙齿都是连接在一起的,好像一块锋利的刀片,这使河豚能够轻易地咬碎硬珊瑚的外壳。河豚大都是热带海鱼,只有少数几种生活在淡水中。河豚一旦遭受威胁,就会吞下水或空气,使身体膨胀成多刺的圆球,天敌很难下嘴。许多种类的河豚的内部器官含有一种能致人死命的神经性毒素。有人测定过河豚毒素的毒性,相当于剧毒药品氰化钠的1250倍,只需要0.48毫克就能致人死命。其实,河豚的肌肉中并不含毒素,它最毒的部分是卵巢、肝脏,其次是肾脏、血液、眼、鳃和皮肤。河豚毒性的大小,与它的生殖周期也有关系。晚春初夏怀卯的河豚毒性最大。这种毒素能使人神经麻痹、呕吐、四肢发冷,进而心跳和呼吸停止。国内外都有过吃河豚丧命的报道。河豚鱼中毒以神经系统症状为主。潜伏期很短,短至10~30分钟,长至3~6小时发病。发病急,来势凶。开始时手指、口唇、舌尖发麻或刺痛,然后恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻、四肢麻木无力、身体摇摆、走路困难,严重者全身麻痹瘫痪、有语言障碍、呼吸困难、血压下降、昏迷,中毒严重者最后多死于呼吸衰竭。如果抢救不及时,中毒后最快的10分钟内死亡,最迟4~6小时死亡。有报告显示,日本人河豚鱼中毒病死率为61.5%。对于河豚鱼中毒,目前尚无特效解毒剂,中毒以后应立即将病人送往医院抢救,尽快使毒物排出,并对症治疗。预防中毒的最有效方法是管理部门严查,禁止零售河豚鱼,如果发现,将河豚鱼集中妥善处理。 河豚鱼肉质特别细嫩,味美,营养丰富。它的药用价值很高,从其肝脏、卵巢的毒素中,可提炼出河豚素、河豚酸、河豚巢素等名贵药材。 根据本文,中毒者多死于:
A. 神经麻痹
B. 呼吸衰竭
C. 心跳骤停
D. 全身麻痹
Text 3 Attacks on Jose Manuel Barroso, the president of the European Commission, have intensified before the European election held between June 4th and 7th, and ahead of a European Union summit when national leaders will discuss his reappointment to a second five- year term. On the left, the Party of European Socialists (PES) calls Mr. Barroso a conservative who "puts markets before people". Should the PES emerge as the largest group in the European Parliament, it will try to block him. But prominent federalists are also unimpressed. Guy Verhofstadt, a former Belgian prime minister, speaks for many in Brussels when he denounces Mr. Barroso for a lack of ambition for Europe. Mr. Verhofstadt invokes the memory of Jacques Delors, the pugnacious Frenchman who ran the commission from 1985 to 1995.Mr. Delors proposed many ambitious plans, he says, and got 30% of them: that 30% then became the European internal market. Mr. Verhofstadt thinks that last autumn Mr. Barroso should have proposed such things as a single EU financial regulator, a single European bad bank, or a multi-trillion issue of "Eurobonds". That would have triggered a " big fight" with national governments, he concedes. But "maybe the outcome would have been 10%, 20% or 30% of his plan. " The French president, Nicolas Sarkozy, has endorsed a second tenn for Mr. Barroso, a former centre-right prime minister of Portugal. Yet he seems keen to make him sweat. French officials have briefed that the decision on Mr. Barroso’s future taken at the June 18th-19th summit should be only political, leaving a legally binding nomination for later. Yet the attacks on Mr. Barroso are unlikely to block him. No opinion poll shows the PES overtaking the centre-right European People’s Party in the European Parliament. The centre- right leaders who hold power in most of Europe have endorsed Mr. Barroso, as have the (nominally) centre-left leaders of Britain, Spain and Portugal. This helps to explain why the PES, for all its bluster, has not fielded a candidate against Mr. Barroso. It is equally wrong to pretend that Europe was ready for a federalist big bang last autumn. Officials say Mr. Barroso spent the first weeks of the economic crisis bridging differences between Britain and France on such issues as accounting standards and the regulation of rating agencies. Later, he kept the peace between Mr. Sarkozy and the German chancellor, Angela Merkel, after the French president pushed for summits of EU leaders from euro-area countries (Ms Merkel thought that sounded like a two-speed Europe). In any case France has no veto over Mr. Barroso’s reappointment: the decision is now taken by majority vote. Some diplomats suggest that France’s stalling tactics are meant to extract such concessions as a plum portfolio for its commissioner. Those calling for "European" action often talk as if they are describing an elegant mechanism, needed to make the union work properly. They argue that only a single financial regulator can police Europe’s single market, or complain that 27 national bail-out plans lack "coherence". In fact, these apparently structural calls for "more Europe" are pitches for specific ideological programmes. Thus, in a joint statement on May 30th Mr. Sarkozy and Ms Merkel announced that "Liberalism without rules has failed. " They called for a European economic model in which capital serves "entrepreneurs and workers" rather than "speculators", and hedge funds and bankers’ pay are tightly regulated. They added that competition policies should be used to favour the "emergence of world-class European companies", and gave warning against a "bureaucratic Europe" that blindly applies "pernickety rules". If all this sounds like Europe as a giant Rhineland economy, that is no accident. Mr. Verhofstadt, a continental liberal, means something different by "Europe" He agrees that the crisis "represents the crash of the Anglo-American model". But he is not keen on heavy regulation. When he calls for economic policies to reflect Europe’s " way of thinking", he means things like raising savings. Above all, he considers the nation-state to be incapable of managing today’s "globalised" economy, so Europe must take over. This is fighting talk. Britain, notably, does not accept that everything about the Anglo-Saxon model has failed, nor is it about to cede more power to Brussels. And it has allies, notably in eastern Europe. Which of the following is Mr. Verhofstadt’s main point as a continental liberal
A. Heavy regulation should be adopted to facilitate the revival of market.
B. Nation-state is incapable of managing globalised economy, so Europe must be only way out.
C. Policies that encourage consumption should be adopted in Europe.
D. Policies on economy stimulation should cater for different situations of different countries within EU.