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男性，20岁，近三月来出现颈部、腋下淋巴结肿大，伴顽固性腹泻，每日十数次稀便，体重明显下降达10公斤，3年前在国外居住期间，因手术而输血 400ml，术后无特殊。 最可能的诊断是
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Directions:You are going to read a text about the state of college students’ mental health, followed by a list of examples. Choose the best example from the list A—F for each numbered subheading (41—45). There is one extra example which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.The state of college students’ mental health continues to decline. What’s the solutionIn the months before Massachusetts Institute of technology sophomore Elizabeth Shin died, she spoke with seven psychiatrists and one social worker. The psychiatrists diagnosed major depression; the therapist recommended hospitalization. Shin told a dean that she was cutting herself and let a professor know that she wanted to commit suicide. The housemaster of her dorm and two of her friends stayed up nights to watch her. But it wasn’t enough. On April 10, 2000, Elizabeth Shin locked her dorm room door and set her clothes on fire. Four days later, she was dead.41. Many colleges are running into thorny situation.Her parents, Kisuk and Cho Hyun Shin, filed suit against MIT, charging its employees with gross negligence and wrongful death. It’s an extreme case, but it illustrates a problem facing many other schools, as more and more students line up at counseling centers requiring increasingly intensive therapy or medication—or both.42. Students with substantial personality problems.The number of freshmen reporting less than average emotional health has been steadily rising since 1985, according to the newest data from an annual nationwide survey by the University of California-Los Angeles.Reasons for the decline of college students’ mental healthCollege therapists cite several reasons for the apparent deterioration in student mental health. Not only has this generation grown up in the much-maligned era of the disintegrating American family, it is also more used to therapy and so more likely to seek help. As competition to get into college gets tougher, students burn out before they even get there. And kids with severe psychological problems, who in the past wouldn’t even have made it to college, now take psychotropic drugs that help them succeed.43. The soaring number of visitors to college psychiatrists.Colleges first created counseling centers for students who needed career and academic advice, says Robert Gallagher, author of the counseling center survey and former director of the University of Pittsburghs’ services. As psychological counseling took over, the centers’ other advising functions were packed off to other parts of the campus.44. Inadequacies of college therapy services.The ballooning caseloads mean there isn’t the time or the staff to offer long-term therapy to any but the most troubled. "You can’t just load up with the first 100 students and see them regularly without having openings for new people," says Gallagher. Instead, colleges focus on getting students over immediate crises.45. What’s the solutionSome schools have tried filling the gap by getting more involved in students’ lives. The University of South Carolina, the University of Nevada-Reno, and Texas A&M offer indepth seminars on the transition to college that help students get to know one professor really well.So where do parents fit in all this In many cases, they don’t. Federal privacy laws reinforce the separation by forbidding the release of educational records to anyone but the student. So despite those hefty tuition checks, parents like the Shin often don’t get a fully picture of what their children’s lives are really like.Shin did not want her parents to know about her misery, and no one told them about her cries for help until after she had burned herself. Her father believes he and his wife could have saved her. With his lawsuit, he says, he hopes to remind schools that for each student, "There is a family."[A] But today the original centers are swamped: Davidson, for one, has seen a 52 percent increase in student visits to school therapists since the 1992—93 school year.[B] The American College Health Association reports that 76 percent of students felt "overwhelmed" last year while 22 percent were sometimes so depressed they couldn’t function. Meanwhile, in the latest National Survey of Counseling Center Directors, 85 percent of directors surveyed noted an increase in severe psychological flaws over the past five years; 30 percent reported at least one student suicide on their campus last year.[C] "If a student tells you she took five extra pills over the weekend," says Gertrude Carter, director of psychological services at Bennington College in Vermont, "it’s hard to tell if that’s a grab for attention or an actual threat."[D] New statistics show that many freshmen arrive on campus depressed and anxious and feel worse as the year progresses. At the same time, colleges must also negotiate the legal and emotional pitfalls of caring for their charges, not children but not yet fully adults.[E] In response to the task force report, MIT is putting together support teams of physicians, other health-care professionals, and experienced counselors to spend time in the dorms, socializing with the students and keeping an eye on them.[F] One Yale student suffering from anxiety during his sophomore year rarely saw the same counselor twice. "It felt like the person I was talking to wasn’t really there," he says. After five sessions, he stopped going. "I wouldn’t want to go there again," he says, "but what else is there" 43
女，56岁，进行性吞咽困难半年 首先考虑
People ill the United States and Canada often shake hands when they meet each other. This. handshake is not the same as the hmldshake in other coumdes. Herw is How to shake hands appropriately (正确的): Hold Ihe other person’s hand firnlly (紧紧的). The pabn (手掌) of your hand should cover the palm of the hand of tile person you m shaldng hands with. not just the fingertips (指尖). Look the person th the eye and smile when you shake hands. What should you do when you shake hands with people
Students of United States history, seeking to identify the circumstances that encouraged the emergence of feminist movements, have thoroughly investigated the mid-nineteenth-century American economic and social conditions that affected the status of women. These historians, however, have analyzed less fully the development of specifically feminist ideas and activities during the same period. Furthermore, the ideological origins of feminism in the United States have been obscured because, even when historians did take into account those feminist ideas and activities occurring within the United States, they failed to recognize that feminism was then a truly international movement actually centered in Europe. American feminist activists who have been described as "solitary" and "individual theorists" were in reality connected to a movement — utopian socialism — which was already popularizing feminist ideas in Europe during the two decades that culminated in the first women’s rights conference held at Seneca Falls, New York, in 180o8. Thus, a complete understanding of the origins and development of nineteenth-century feminism in the United States requires that the geographical focus be widened to include Europe and that the detailed study already made of social conditions be expanded to include the ideological development of feminism. The earliest and most popular of the utopian socialists were the Saint-Simonians. The specifically feminist part of Saint-Simonianism has, however, been less studied than the group’s contribution to early socialism. This is regrettable on two counts. By 1832 feminism was the central concern of Saint- Simonianism and entirely absorbed its adherents’ energy. Hence, by ignoring its feminism, European historians have misunderstood Saint- Simonianism. Moreover, since many feminist ideas can be traced to Saint- Simonianism, European historians’ appreciation of later feminism in France and the United States remained limited. Saint-Simon’s followers, many of whom were women, based their feminism on an interpretation of his project to reorganize the globe by replacing brute force with the rule of spiritual powers. The new world order would be ruled together by a male, to represent reflection, and a female, to represent sentiment. This complementarity reflects the fact that, while the Saint-Simonians did not reject the belief that there were innate differences between men and women, they nevertheless foresaw an equally important social and political role for both sexes in their Utopia. Only a few Saint-Simonians opposed a definition of sexual equality based on gender distinction. This minority believed that individuals of both sexes were born similar in capacity and character, and they ascribed male-female differences to socialization and education. The envisioned result of both currents of thought, however, was that women would enter public life in the new age and that sexual equality would reward men as well as women with an improved way of life. It can be inferred from the passage that the Seneca Falls conference______.
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