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To be a good teacher, you need some of the gifts of a good actor, you must be able to hold the attention and interest of your audience; you must be a clever speaker, with a good, strong, pleasing voice which is fully under your control and you must be able to hold what you are teaching in order to make its meaning clear. The fact that a good teaches’ has some of the gifts of a good actor doesn’t mean that he/rill indeed be able to act well on the stage, for there are very important differences between the teacher’s work and the actor’s. The actor has to speak words which he has learnt by heart; he has to repeat exactly the same words each time he plays a certain part, even his movements and the ways in which he Uses his voice are usually fixed beforehand. What he has to do is to make all these carefully learnt words and actions seem natural on the stage.A good teacher works in quite a different way. His audience takes an active part in his play: they ask and answer questions, they obey orders, and if they don’t understand something, they say no. The teacher therefore has to suit his act to the needs of his audience, which is his class. He can not learn his part by heart, but must invent it as he goes along. The word "gifts" (Line 1, Para. 1) means" （）".
Psychology (心理学) is the study of the mind and mental activities. For example, psychologists are interested in why some things make you sad, but others make you happy. They want to know why some people are shy, but others are quite talkative. They also want to know why people do the things that they do. They test intelligence.Psychologists deal with the minds and behavior of people. Your mind consists of all your feelings, thoughts, and ideas. It is the result of one part of the brain called the cerebrum (大脑). Your behavior is the way you act or conduct yourself. Examples of behavior include shouting, crying, laughing, and sleeping.Several people have been instrumental (有重要作用的) in the field of psychology. Wilhelm Wundt set up the first psychological laboratory in Leipzig, Germany, in 1879. Ivan Pavlov, a Russian, is noted for his experiments with dogs in which he studied their reflexes and reactions. Around 1900, Sigmund Freud stated his theory that people try to repress (压制) any memories or thoughts that they believed were not good.Psychologists should not be confused with psychiatrists (精神病学家). Psychiatrists deal only with mental illness. They are medical doctors who treat people. A good title for this selection is （）.
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