A volcanic eruption in Iceland has sent ash across northern Europe. Airlines have stopped or changed the flights across the Atlantic Ocean, leaving hundreds of passengers stuck in airports. Grimsvotn is one of the largest active volcanoes in Europe. What makes Grimsvotn different is that it lies under a huge glacier(冰川) of ice up to 12 meters thick. The hot volcano heats up the ice above it, which then forms a layer(M) of water between the glacier and the volcano. This layer of water puts pressure on the volcano ,keeping it stable. As the water flows out from under the glacier, the pressure Rifts. The lava(岩浆) from the volcano then comes up to the surface. This is exactly what has happened today. Now, airlines have to make changes to their flights so as not to fly through the clouds of volcanic ash. According to KLM, one of Europe’s biggest airlines, airplanes cannot go under the cloud or over it. Going through the cloud can result in ash getting stuck in the airplane’s engines, causing damage to the plane. The eruption has also caused problems for animals in Iceland. The volcano left ash and sharp, glass-like rocks all over the countryside. Farmers are keeping their animals inside to stop them from eating ash-covered grass or the sharp objects. What makes Grimsvotn different from other volcanoes
A. It is below ice.
B. It lies under the sea.
C. It is the largest volcano.
D. Its lava affects the airlines.
Are you one of those who always fear whenever a dog is approaching If you are, you have got phobia ( a very strong feeling of being afraid of something ). Of all human fears, phobias may be the most uncontrollable. They are most often caused by a particular situation or object. In general, pho- bias can mainly be divided into three varieties. To begin with, agoraphobia is a fear of staying in strange surroundings, for example, an unfamiliar place, or an open area. Social phobia refers to the anxiety people show when they have to stay or perform on social events, for instance, speaking in front of the class. Lastly, there are a wide range of specific phobias. People suffering from this kind of phobia are terrified of specific objects or creatures, such as spiders, perhaps to your surprise, clowns. Besides, there are about six hundred and fifty phobias listed by psychologists (心理学家) as yet. Faced with their phobias, many people choose to do nothing but just escape the situations or objects they fear. Psychologists, however, warn that if not treated properly, this kind of anxiety will get worse, so that it may disturb the sleep pattern, cause physical symptoms, and finally affect their daily activities. As for treatment, clinical research has discovered that medicine for anxiety is not successful in curing phobias. However, the anxiety disorders can be efficiently treated through cognitive behavioral therapy (认知行为疗法) , through which patients are led to inspect the connections between their own fear and the situation or object, and then actively choose the acceptable treatments. Also, other treatments proved effective in reducing phobias are meditation, listening to calming music, and so on. What do those with agoraphobia feel terrified of and anxious about
A. Staying on a square.
B. Touching insects, like spiders.
C. Being harmed by viruses.
D. Giving a speech in presence of many peopl