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Passage 2 The balance of payments is a statistical record of all the economic transaction between residents of the reporting country and residents of the rest of the world during a given time period. The usual reporting period for all the statistics included in the accounts is a year. A good or bad set of figures can have an influential effect on the exchange rate and can lead policy makers to change the content of their economic policies. Deficits may lead to the government raising interest rate or reducing public expenditure to reduce imports. Alternatively, deficits may lead to calls for protection against foreign imports or capital controls to defend the exchange rate. A key definition that needs to be resolved at the outset is that of a domestic and foreign resident. It is important to note that citizenship and residency are not necessarily the same thing from the viewpoint of the balance of payments statistics. The term residents comprises individuals, households, firms and the public authorities. There are some problems that arise with respect to the definition of a resident. Multinational corporations are by definition resident in more than one country. For the purposes of balance-of-payments reporting, the subsidiaries of a multinational are treated as being a resident in the country in which they are located even if their shares are actually owned by domestic residents. Another problem concerns the treatment of international organizations such as the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the United Nations. These institutions are treated as being foreign residents even though they may actually be located in the reporting country. For example although the International Monetary Fund is located in Washington, contributions by the US government to the Fund are included in the US balance-of-payments statistics because they are regarded as transactions with a foreign resident. Tourists are regarded as being foreign residents if they stay in the reporting country for less than one year. The criterion for a transaction to be included in the balance of payments is that it must involve a transaction between a resident of the reporting country and a resident from the rest of the world. Purchases and sales between residents from the same country are excluded. It is important to note that ______.
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Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passages. For each blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are supposed to choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET by drawing a single line through the center.Passage OneFLOOR BROKERS, when a commission broker has (56) that he cannot execute personally because of their number or because of the activity of the market, he engages the services of a floor broker. These floor brokers were once referred to as $ 2 brokers, because at one time they charged a fee of $2 per (57) ; today this fee is (58) higher. Commissions are shared on these orders. It is easy to see that smaller commission brokers are especially prone to (59) by an influx of orders. The floor broker, as a freelance operator, provides a (60) function in ensuring that the exchange’s business is conducted rapidly and efficiently.
Section One Directions: There are three passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should make the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET by drawing a single line through the center.Passage 1 Commercial bank deposits, including demand deposits, are subject to immediate withdrawal during regular banking hours at the request of the depositor with the exception of certain time deposits, discussed in this section. Demand deposits may be withdrawn in the form of currency or coin, or they may be transferred to another account at any commercial bank. Demand deposits at commercial banks can be transferred by bank check and are sometimes called checking accounts. No money interest is paid on demand deposits. Checkable NOW accounts, or share drafts at credit unions, which are available to consumers but not business depositors, pay interest. Technically, they are savings accounts that are accessible by a negotiable order of withdrawal. Savings deposits at commercial banks and thrifts can usually be withdrawn as currency or coin, or as a cashier’s check of the bank (a check drawn against the issuing bank) ; they may be trans-fenced into the depositor’s demand deposit account at the same bank, although technically the bank may refuse to withdraw or transfer a savings account for 30 days. Time deposit accounts with specified maturities are exceptions to the convention that commercial bank deposits should be convertible to cash on demand. Prior to the date of maturity, the bank may refuse to exchange such a time deposit claim or may impose a penalty fee. The time deposit pays interest, giving it one of the characteristics of other private bonds. Consumer or personal time deposits include CDs in denominations of less than $100,000. They are non-negotiable; that is, they cannot be sold and must be returned to the issuing bank by the original purchaser. Until 1976, there were effective ceilings on interest payments. In 1973, consumer CDs were first authorized with ceiling interest yields closer to market interest rates. They were called money market certificates. Which of the following is excluded from the commercial bank deposits
Passage Two The primary justification tot banking supervision is to limit the risk of loss to depositors, and by so doing to maintain public confidence in banks. And while supervision naturally focuses on the individual bank, supervisors must also be alert to the possibility that problems in one institution may have wider, systemic repercussions on others, or on the integrity of the payments system. Supervisors usually pay more attention to the individual bank.
Passage Two Liabilities are usually classified as either current or noncurrent liabilities. Current liabilities are those obligations whose (61) is reasonably expected to require the use of existing resources properly classified as current (62) , or the creation of other current liabilities. This definition of current liabilities emphasizes a short-term creditor’s claim to working capital rather than to the due date for (63) purposes. Accounts payable, dividends payable, salaries payable, and taxes payable are examples of current liabilities. Liabilities which are not current liabilities are (64) as noncurrent or long-term liabilities. Bonds payable and mortgages payable are examples of (65) liabilities.
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