A neurotransmitter is a junction where information is transmitted from one neuron to another.
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In quantity studies the same subjects are investigated over a long period of time.
Reliability means whether it measures what it is supposed to measure. Validity means how consistently it measures.
Functionalism is advocated by William James who was influenced by Darwin’s views and argued that the workings of the mind are functional, to survive and adapt, so we should investigate what behavior and thought are for.
Two more recent philosophical influences on the development of psychology as a science were Empiricism and Physiology.