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Old people are always saying that the young are not what they were. The same【C1】______is made from generation to generation and it is always true. It has【C2】______been truer than it is today. The young are better educated. They have a lot more money to spend and enjoy more freedom. They grow up more quickly and are not so【C3】______on their parents. They think more for themselves and do not blindly【C4】______the ideals of their elders. Events which the older generation remembers vividly are【C5】______past history. This is as it should be. Every new generation is different from the one that【C6】______it. Today the difference is very【C7】______indeed. The old always assume that they know best for the simple【C8】______that they have been around a bit longer. They don"t like to feel that their【C9】______are being questioned or threatened. And this is precisely【C10】______the young are doing. They are questioning the assumptions of their elders and【C11】______their complacency. Office hours, for instance, are nothing more than【C12】______slavery. Wouldn"t people work best if they were given complete freedom and responsibility Who said that all the men in the world should wear dull grey suits and convict haircuts Why have the older generation so often used violence to solve their problems Why are they so【C13】______and guilt-ridden in their personal lives, so obsessed with mean ambitions and the desire to amass more and more【C14】______possessions These are not questions the older generation can【C15】______lightly. Traditionally, the young have turned to their elders for【C16】______. Today, the situation might be【C17】______. The old—if they are【C18】______to admit it-could learn a thing or two from their children. One of the biggest lessons they could learn is that enjoyment is not "sinful". Enjoyment is a principle one could apply to all【C19】______of life. It is surely not wrong to enjoy your work and enjoy your leisure; to【C20】______restricting inhibitions. 【C9】
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We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War Ⅱ as a time of prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college on the G. I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.But when it came to their houses, it was a time of common sense and a belief that less could truly be more. During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, and that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the future, made small, efficient housing positively stylish.Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living. The phrase "less is more" was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War Ⅱ and took up posts at American architecture schools. These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture, but none more so than Mies.Mies"s signature phrase means that less decoration, properly organized, has more impact than a lot. Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance. Like other modern architects, he employed metal, glass and laminated wood—materials that we take for granted today but that in the 1940s symbolized the future. Mies"s sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient, rather than big and often empty.The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago"s Lake Shore Drive, for example, were smaller—two-bedroom units under 1,000 square feet—than those in their older neighbors along the city"s Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings" details and proportions, the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.The trend toward "less" was not entirely foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses—usually around 1,200 square feet—than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century.The "Case Study Houses" commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts & Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence on the "less is more" trend. Aesthetic effect came from the landscape, new materials and forthright detailing. In his Case Study House, Ralph Rapson may have mispredicted just how the mechanical revolution would impact everyday life—few American families acquired helicopters, though most eventually got clothes dryers—but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared. What can we learn about the design of the "Case Study House"
Whatever happened to the death of newspaper A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the Internet. Newspapers like theSan Francisco Chroniclewere chronicling their own doom. America"s Federal Trade Commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations Should the state subsidize them It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date.In much of the world there is little sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled corner of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same.It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further.Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD). In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable.The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspapers are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business. The most appropriate title for this text would be ______
It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the【C1】______men become monsters behind the wheel. You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and【C2】______driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation【C3】______a "Be Kind to Other Drivers" campaign,【C4】______it may get completely out of hand. Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to【C5】______the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way【C6】______relieving the tensions of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement【C7】______an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so【C8】______in modern traffic conditions. But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too【C9】______today. Many drivers nowadays don"t even seem able to【C10】______politeness when they see it. 【C11】______, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to【C12】______a car to emerge from a side street at some【C13】______to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the【C14】______of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to. A【C15】______driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help【C16】______motorists learnt to filter correctly into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages that give rise to bad temper.【C17】______, modern motorists can"t even learn to drive, let alone【C18】______the subtler aspects of roadsmanship. Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership【C19】______would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is【C20】______time for all of us to take this message to heart. 【C6】
Old people are always saying that the young are not what they were. The same【C1】______is made from generation to generation and it is always true. It has【C2】______been truer than it is today. The young are better educated. They have a lot more money to spend and enjoy more freedom. They grow up more quickly and are not so【C3】______on their parents. They think more for themselves and do not blindly【C4】______the ideals of their elders. Events which the older generation remembers vividly are【C5】______past history. This is as it should be. Every new generation is different from the one that【C6】______it. Today the difference is very【C7】______indeed. The old always assume that they know best for the simple【C8】______that they have been around a bit longer. They don"t like to feel that their【C9】______are being questioned or threatened. And this is precisely【C10】______the young are doing. They are questioning the assumptions of their elders and【C11】______their complacency. Office hours, for instance, are nothing more than【C12】______slavery. Wouldn"t people work best if they were given complete freedom and responsibility Who said that all the men in the world should wear dull grey suits and convict haircuts Why have the older generation so often used violence to solve their problems Why are they so【C13】______and guilt-ridden in their personal lives, so obsessed with mean ambitions and the desire to amass more and more【C14】______possessions These are not questions the older generation can【C15】______lightly. Traditionally, the young have turned to their elders for【C16】______. Today, the situation might be【C17】______. The old—if they are【C18】______to admit it-could learn a thing or two from their children. One of the biggest lessons they could learn is that enjoyment is not "sinful". Enjoyment is a principle one could apply to all【C19】______of life. It is surely not wrong to enjoy your work and enjoy your leisure; to【C20】______restricting inhibitions. 【C2】
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