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Even plants can run a fever, especially when they’re under attack by insects or disease. But unlike humans, plants can have their temperature taken from 3,000 feet away — straight up. A decade ago, adapting the infrared scanning technology developed for military purposes and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley came up with a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine which ones are under stress. The goal was to let farmers precisely target pesticide spraying rather than rain poison on a whole field, which invariably includes plants that don’t have pest problems.Even better, Paley’s Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problems before they became visible to the eye. Mounted on a plane flown at 3,000 feet at night, an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops. The data were transformed into a color-coded map showing where plants were running "fevers". Farmers could then spot-spray, using 50% to 70% less pesticide than they otherwise would.The bad news is that Paley’s company closed down in 1984, after only three years. Farmers resisted the new technology and long-term backers were hard to find. But with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning, Paley hopes to get back into operation. Agriculture experts have no doubt the technology works. "This technique can be used on 75% of agricultural land in the United States," says George Oerther of Texas A＆M. Ray Jackson, who recently retired from the Department of Agriculture, thinks remote infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade. But only If Paley finds the financial backing which he failed to obtain 10 years ago. The application of infrared scanning technology to agriculture met with some difficulties due to（）
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M: Going to the football game todayW: No, but I’ll be watching it on television with some friends．M: Weren’t you able to get any ticketsW: I didn’t try．I really don’t go to games so often．M: But don’t you enjoy going Don’t you find it exciting to be part of the crowdW: Oh sure，nothing beats the atmosphere at a sporting event: the cheering, all that energy．But sometimes it’s just too inconvenient getting into and out of the stadium before and after the game．And if you watch the game with friends, or at a bar or restaurant…M: …you’ve basically created your own crowd．W: That’s right．Another reason why I like to watch sports on TV is that I simply find it easier to follow the action on TVM: Yeah．sometimes it is a little difficult to keep track of the ball when you’re sitting in the stands．W: Especially when your seats are far from the field．M: It’s like you’re watching from an airplane．sometimes．W: Mso．good sports comments on TV can add to your understanding and enjoyment of the game．M: After listening to you I’m starting to wonder how they are able to sell any tickets to these games． What is the advantage of watching games in the stadium（）
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Even plants can run a fever, especially when they’re under attack by insects or disease. But unlike humans, plants can have their temperature taken from 3,000 feet away — straight up. A decade ago, adapting the infrared scanning technology developed for military purposes and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley came up with a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine which ones are under stress. The goal was to let farmers precisely target pesticide spraying rather than rain poison on a whole field, which invariably includes plants that don’t have pest problems.Even better, Paley’s Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problems before they became visible to the eye. Mounted on a plane flown at 3,000 feet at night, an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops. The data were transformed into a color-coded map showing where plants were running "fevers". Farmers could then spot-spray, using 50% to 70% less pesticide than they otherwise would.The bad news is that Paley’s company closed down in 1984, after only three years. Farmers resisted the new technology and long-term backers were hard to find. But with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning, Paley hopes to get back into operation. Agriculture experts have no doubt the technology works. "This technique can be used on 75% of agricultural land in the United States," says George Oerther of Texas A＆M. Ray Jackson, who recently retired from the Department of Agriculture, thinks remote infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade. But only If Paley finds the financial backing which he failed to obtain 10 years ago. In order to apply pesticide spraying precisely, we can use infrared scanning to（）
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