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Many people wrongly believe that when people reach old age, their families place them in nursing homes. They are left in the 1 of strangers for the rest of their lives. Their growing children visit them only occasionally, but more often, they do not have any 2 visitors. The truth is that this idea is an unfortunate myth and imaginary story. In fact, family members provide over 80 percent of the care that elderly people need. Samuel Preston, a sociologist, studied 3 the American family is changing. He reported that by the time the average American couple reaches 40 years of age, they have more parents than children. 4 , because people today live longer after an illness than people did years 5 , family members must provide long term care. More psychologists have found that all caregivers share a common characteristic: all caregivers believe that they are the best 6 for the job. In other words, they all felt that they 7 do the job better than anyone else. Social workers 8 caregivers to find out why they took on the responsibility of caring for an elderly relative. Many caregivers believed they had 9 to help their relative. Some stated that helping others made them feel more useful. Others hoped that by helping someone now, they would deserve care when they became old and 10 . Caring for the elderly and being taken care of can be a mutually satisfying experience for everyone who might be involved. （10）处填入（）
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English learners are getting younger. A global survey of English for young learners, undertaken by the British Council in 1999, showed that the majority of countries in which English was taught in primary schools had introduced the innovation in the 1990s. Since then, the practice has become more widespread. In Europe, almost every country documented in the 2005 Eurydice survey showed an increasing percentage of primary pupils learning English during the years 1998-2002 (the most recent year for which data was available). Since 2002, the trend has continued apace. (a) One rationale for teaching languages to young children is the idea that they find it easier to learn languages than older students. (b) They are still developing physically and intellectually; their emotional needs may be higher, they are less able to take responsibility for their own learning. (c) One of the practical reasons for introducing English to younger learner is to ensure that they have longer time in their school careers to master the language; another is because the timetables in secondary schools now have too many competing demands. (d) There are many hazards attached to EYL, not least of which is that it requires teachers who are proficient in English, have wider training in child development, and who are able to motivate young children. Such teachers are in short supply in most countries, but failure at this stage may be difficult to remedy later. Translate the underlined part of the sentence in Paragraph 1 into Chinese.
下面是一位小学英语教师课堂听说教学的真实片断，请你从教学理念和教学步骤等方面分析该教师的听说教学的有效性。 This teacher has just taught preposition and in this lesson she is going to play a card game but she notices that there are a lot of things on pupils’ desks so she makes an on-the-spot decision. T: ... Let’s play a card game. Now take out your cards. You all have 5 cards, right Ss: Right, yes. T: OK. Listen. Please look at me ... OK, now show me your paper, this one (holds on the paper). Put your paper in your desk. OK, now next show me your books. Right, put your books in your desk. OK, now last, show me your pencil box. Put it in your desk. OK, good. ... Now put your cards on the desk, on the left side.
English learners are getting younger. A global survey of English for young learners, undertaken by the British Council in 1999, showed that the majority of countries in which English was taught in primary schools had introduced the innovation in the 1990s. Since then, the practice has become more widespread. In Europe, almost every country documented in the 2005 Eurydice survey showed an increasing percentage of primary pupils learning English during the years 1998-2002 (the most recent year for which data was available). Since 2002, the trend has continued apace. (a) One rationale for teaching languages to young children is the idea that they find it easier to learn languages than older students. (b) They are still developing physically and intellectually; their emotional needs may be higher, they are less able to take responsibility for their own learning. (c) One of the practical reasons for introducing English to younger learner is to ensure that they have longer time in their school careers to master the language; another is because the timetables in secondary schools now have too many competing demands. (d) There are many hazards attached to EYL, not least of which is that it requires teachers who are proficient in English, have wider training in child development, and who are able to motivate young children. Such teachers are in short supply in most countries, but failure at this stage may be difficult to remedy later. Translate the underlined part of the sentence in Paragraph 4 into Chinese.
1. 《义务教育英语课程标准》以科学发展观和先进的外语课程理念为指导，立足国情，综合分析了我国英语教育发展的现状，充分考虑了语言学习的规律和义务教育阶段学生的发展需求。与过去传统外语教学大纲相比，请你从四个方面陈述新课程理念上所呈现的变革和特点。容： 此题为新题干（请在下面输入新的题干内容） 源码 大小(1)教育观念在变化。《基础教育课程改革纲要(试行)》和相关的课程标准所提小的课改理念，如“教师是学生学习的合作者、帮助者、组织者的教师观；以学生的发展作为教学的出发点和归宿的教学观；学生是发展的主题，只有差异，没有差生，关注学生态度、情感、价值观培养的学生观；学科教育之间整合的课程观”等开始为他们所接受，并被尝试着融入实际教学。(2)教师队伍在变化。为了提高自身素质，教师们课余时间主动钻研课程标准和相关教育理论，积极参加集体备课，动手制作教具，并积极与其他教师和学生家长共同交流、讨论教学方法，迸发出前所未有的学习、研究热情。教师的这蝼变化使学生的全面发展意识、开放意识、创新意识、自我更新意识得到明显增强。(3)学生在变化。在学习中，他们敢于质疑并发表自己的见解，敢于超越教材、超越教师。各实验区初中生辍学率普遍下降。学生的学习兴趣空前高涨，并能采取多种学习方式，创造性地解决学习问题。一个实验，学生们可以设计十几种方案；一个调查作业，可以有几十种形式和内容；一份学生档案中可以有多份不同形式的记录。(4)课堂教学在变化。教师在课堂教学中正在从主导型角色向组织者、参与者、促进者、学习者、研究者转变；在评价学生时，有意识地减少了定性评价，增加了发展性评价；减少了批评与否定，增加了鼓励与表扬，极大地调动了学生的积极性，保护了学生自由表达与质疑的勇气。学生的学习方式正逐步向自主、探究、合作式转变，越来越多的学生已习惯大胆表达自己的见解，质疑同学、老师的解答方法，学生间的合作交流、欣赏鼓励、评价帮助也越来越多。(5)教研方式在变化。在新课程实验中，没有居高临下的教研，教研员成为教学研究活动的组织者、指导者、研究者和促进者。通过组织对比教研、互动式教研、联合式教研等活动，支持和帮助学校教师形成学习共同体，借助集体的智慧来提高教师的能力，新的教研制度正逐步形成。 教师在小学课堂教授新单词时，通常会采用相应的方法和技巧，模拟创造情景。请列举出常见的四种词汇教学方法。
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