题目内容
Are your Facebook friends more interesting than those you have in real life Has high-speed Internet made you impatient with slow-speed children Do you sometimes think about reaching for the lust-forward button, only to realize that life does not come with a remote control If you answered yes to any of those questions, exposure to technology may be slowly reshaping your personality. Some experts believe excessive use of the Internet, cellphones and other technologies can cause us to become more impatient, impulsive, forgetful and even more narcissistic. "More and more, life is resembling the chat room," says Dr.Elias Aboujaoude, director of the Impulse Control Disorders Clinic at Stanford. "We’re paying a price in terms of our cognitive life because of this virtual lifestyle." We do spend a lot of time with our devices, and some studies have suggested that excessive dependence on cellphones and the Internet is akin to an addiction. Websites like NetAddiction.com offer self-assessment tests to determine if technology has become a drug. Among the questions used to identify those at risk: Do you neglect housework to spend more time online Are you frequently checking your e-mail Do you often lose sleep because you log in late at night If you answered "often" or "always", technology may be taking a toll on you. In a study to be published in the journal Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, researchers from the University of Melbourne in Australia subjected 173 college students to tests measuring risk for problematic Internet and gambling behaviors. About 5 percent of the students showed signs of gambling problems, but 10 percent of the students posted scores high enough to put them in the at-risk category for Internet "addiction". Technology use was clearly interfering with the students" daily lives, but it may be going too far to call it an addiction, says Nicki Dowling, a clinical psychologist who led the study. Ms.Dowling prefers to call it "Internet dependence". Typically, the concern about our dependence on technology is that it detracts from our time with family and friends in the real world. But psychologists have become intrigued by a more subtle and insidious effect of our online interactions. It may be that the immediacy of the Internet, the efficiency of the iPhone and the anonymity of the chat room change the core of who we are, issues that Dr.Aboujaoude explores in a book, Virtually You: The Internet and the Fracturing of the Self, to be released next year. Dr.Aboujaoude also asks whether the vast storage available in e-mail and on the Internet is preventing many of us from letting go, causing us to retain many old and unnecessary memories at the expense of making new ones. Everything is saved these days, he notes, from the meaningless e-mail sent after a work lunch to the angry online exchange with a spouse. "If you can’t forget because all this stuff is staring at you, what does that do to your ability to lay down new memories and remember things that you should be remembering" Dr.Aboujaoude said. "When you have 500 pictures from your vacation in your Flickr account, as opposed to five pictures that are really meaningful, does that change your ability to recall the moments that you really want to recall" There is also no easy way to conquer a dependence on technology. Nicholas Carr, author of the new book The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains, says that social and family responsibilities, work and other pressures influence our use of technology. "The deeper a technology is woven into the patterns of everyday life, the less choice we have about whether and how we use that technology," Mr.Carr wrote in a recent blog post on the topic. Some experts suggest simply trying to curtail the amount of time you spend online. Set limits for how often you check e-mail or force yourself to leave your cellphone at home occasionally. The problem is similar to an eating disorder, says Dr.Kimberly Young, a professor at St.Bonaventure University in New York who has led research on the addictive nature of online technology. Technology, like food, is an essential part of daily life, and those suffering from disordered online behavior cannot give it up entirely and instead have to learn moderation and controlled use. She suggests therapy to determine the underlying issues that set off a person’s need to use the Internet "as a way of escape". The International Center for Media and the Public Agenda at the University of Maryland asked 200 students to retrain from using electronic media for a day. The reports from students after the study suggest that giving up technology cold turkey not only makes life logistically difficult, but also changes our ability to connect with others. "Texting and IM-ing my friends gives me a constant feeling of comfort," wrote one student. "When I did not have those two luxuries, I felt quite alone and secluded from my life. Although I go to a school with thousands of students, the fact that I was not able to communicate with anyone via technology was almost unbearable." What’s the solution to technology addiction, according to Dr.Kimberly Young
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Are your Facebook friends more interesting than those you have in real life Has high-speed Internet made you impatient with slow-speed children Do you sometimes think about reaching for the lust-forward button, only to realize that life does not come with a remote control If you answered yes to any of those questions, exposure to technology may be slowly reshaping your personality. Some experts believe excessive use of the Internet, cellphones and other technologies can cause us to become more impatient, impulsive, forgetful and even more narcissistic. "More and more, life is resembling the chat room," says Dr.Elias Aboujaoude, director of the Impulse Control Disorders Clinic at Stanford. "We’re paying a price in terms of our cognitive life because of this virtual lifestyle." We do spend a lot of time with our devices, and some studies have suggested that excessive dependence on cellphones and the Internet is akin to an addiction. Websites like NetAddiction.com offer self-assessment tests to determine if technology has become a drug. Among the questions used to identify those at risk: Do you neglect housework to spend more time online Are you frequently checking your e-mail Do you often lose sleep because you log in late at night If you answered "often" or "always", technology may be taking a toll on you. In a study to be published in the journal Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, researchers from the University of Melbourne in Australia subjected 173 college students to tests measuring risk for problematic Internet and gambling behaviors. About 5 percent of the students showed signs of gambling problems, but 10 percent of the students posted scores high enough to put them in the at-risk category for Internet "addiction". Technology use was clearly interfering with the students" daily lives, but it may be going too far to call it an addiction, says Nicki Dowling, a clinical psychologist who led the study. Ms.Dowling prefers to call it "Internet dependence". Typically, the concern about our dependence on technology is that it detracts from our time with family and friends in the real world. But psychologists have become intrigued by a more subtle and insidious effect of our online interactions. It may be that the immediacy of the Internet, the efficiency of the iPhone and the anonymity of the chat room change the core of who we are, issues that Dr.Aboujaoude explores in a book, Virtually You: The Internet and the Fracturing of the Self, to be released next year. Dr.Aboujaoude also asks whether the vast storage available in e-mail and on the Internet is preventing many of us from letting go, causing us to retain many old and unnecessary memories at the expense of making new ones. Everything is saved these days, he notes, from the meaningless e-mail sent after a work lunch to the angry online exchange with a spouse. "If you can’t forget because all this stuff is staring at you, what does that do to your ability to lay down new memories and remember things that you should be remembering" Dr.Aboujaoude said. "When you have 500 pictures from your vacation in your Flickr account, as opposed to five pictures that are really meaningful, does that change your ability to recall the moments that you really want to recall" There is also no easy way to conquer a dependence on technology. Nicholas Carr, author of the new book The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains, says that social and family responsibilities, work and other pressures influence our use of technology. "The deeper a technology is woven into the patterns of everyday life, the less choice we have about whether and how we use that technology," Mr.Carr wrote in a recent blog post on the topic. Some experts suggest simply trying to curtail the amount of time you spend online. Set limits for how often you check e-mail or force yourself to leave your cellphone at home occasionally. The problem is similar to an eating disorder, says Dr.Kimberly Young, a professor at St.Bonaventure University in New York who has led research on the addictive nature of online technology. Technology, like food, is an essential part of daily life, and those suffering from disordered online behavior cannot give it up entirely and instead have to learn moderation and controlled use. She suggests therapy to determine the underlying issues that set off a person’s need to use the Internet "as a way of escape". The International Center for Media and the Public Agenda at the University of Maryland asked 200 students to retrain from using electronic media for a day. The reports from students after the study suggest that giving up technology cold turkey not only makes life logistically difficult, but also changes our ability to connect with others. "Texting and IM-ing my friends gives me a constant feeling of comfort," wrote one student. "When I did not have those two luxuries, I felt quite alone and secluded from my life. Although I go to a school with thousands of students, the fact that I was not able to communicate with anyone via technology was almost unbearable." The University of Maryland study finds that students
Avner Shalev tried to keep it real. The director of Jerusalem’s recently renovated Holocaust History Museum, Yad Vashem, never liked the Disneyland feel of some rival exhibitions. Walking a reporter through the galleries, he gestures toward the authentic relics of a historical tragedy: documents, diaries — even lampposts recovered from the Warsaw ghetto. Toward the end of the tour, Shalev approaches a large beige model of the crematorium at Birkenau, by Polish sculptor Mieczyslaw Stobierski. It’s powerful — but it also breaks Shalev’s own rule about including reproductions. "Auschwitz has one," he says with a shrug. "Washington also commissioned one. I thought we should have one." Not even history, it seems, is free from the invisible hand of competition. In recent years the world’s museums commemorating the Holocaust, which killed 6 million Jews, have sprung up all over the world. Paris recently renovated its Holocaust museum. Ukraine’s is under construction. The United States is now home to more than 100. Yad Vashem opened in 1957 — three years before the first televised presidential debate and decades before anyone had ever dreamed up a DVD. Now the museum has to compete for its guests’ attention with the alluring distractions of the media age. The curators have done their best, installing more than 100 flat-screen TVs playing video clips of survivor stories. Life-size black-and-white photographs of the murdered are projected on a wall. Today’s kids may be harder to keep engaged. But Shalev also attributes the boom in Holocaust memorials to their open minds. "They don’t have to play with these guilt feelings, and suppress, and put aside," he says. There is plenty in the new museum that cries out to be suppressed. One chilling exhibit commemorates the slaughter in Ponary, Lithuania, where over a period of four years more than 70,000 Jews were lined up and shot dead, their bodies tumbling into pits. The curators have carved a deep cavity in the museum floor to symbolize the mass graves, lit only by a frail shaft of sunlight. Not all the exhibits rely on new technology. Some of the most powerful stories are told through the timeless tools of good narrative. The new museum opens with a short video depicting Jewish life in Europe before the Nazi invasion — a collection of simple, carefree images. Trenches crisscross the central corridor, marking the turning points in the 12-year story and guiding visitors through the galleries. The centerpiece is a majestic dome known as the Hall of Names; binders of documents line the walls, and hundreds of individual portraits of the dead are displayed along the dome. "Each time I’m in here, another one catches my eye," Shalev says, craning his neck. The binders in the Hall of Names represent just a fraction of the museum’s 100 million document archives, most of which never see a gallery wall. Despite the growing demand from museums around the world, Yad Vashem still often gets first pick of the artifacts offered up by Holocaust survivors. "They know that here it will be kept in a very professional manner for hundreds of years," says Shalev. They’d better; if his museum doesn’t keep pace with the times, there will always be another taker. What does Yad Vashem do to attract its guests
Avner Shalev tried to keep it real. The director of Jerusalem’s recently renovated Holocaust History Museum, Yad Vashem, never liked the Disneyland feel of some rival exhibitions. Walking a reporter through the galleries, he gestures toward the authentic relics of a historical tragedy: documents, diaries — even lampposts recovered from the Warsaw ghetto. Toward the end of the tour, Shalev approaches a large beige model of the crematorium at Birkenau, by Polish sculptor Mieczyslaw Stobierski. It’s powerful — but it also breaks Shalev’s own rule about including reproductions. "Auschwitz has one," he says with a shrug. "Washington also commissioned one. I thought we should have one." Not even history, it seems, is free from the invisible hand of competition. In recent years the world’s museums commemorating the Holocaust, which killed 6 million Jews, have sprung up all over the world. Paris recently renovated its Holocaust museum. Ukraine’s is under construction. The United States is now home to more than 100. Yad Vashem opened in 1957 — three years before the first televised presidential debate and decades before anyone had ever dreamed up a DVD. Now the museum has to compete for its guests’ attention with the alluring distractions of the media age. The curators have done their best, installing more than 100 flat-screen TVs playing video clips of survivor stories. Life-size black-and-white photographs of the murdered are projected on a wall. Today’s kids may be harder to keep engaged. But Shalev also attributes the boom in Holocaust memorials to their open minds. "They don’t have to play with these guilt feelings, and suppress, and put aside," he says. There is plenty in the new museum that cries out to be suppressed. One chilling exhibit commemorates the slaughter in Ponary, Lithuania, where over a period of four years more than 70,000 Jews were lined up and shot dead, their bodies tumbling into pits. The curators have carved a deep cavity in the museum floor to symbolize the mass graves, lit only by a frail shaft of sunlight. Not all the exhibits rely on new technology. Some of the most powerful stories are told through the timeless tools of good narrative. The new museum opens with a short video depicting Jewish life in Europe before the Nazi invasion — a collection of simple, carefree images. Trenches crisscross the central corridor, marking the turning points in the 12-year story and guiding visitors through the galleries. The centerpiece is a majestic dome known as the Hall of Names; binders of documents line the walls, and hundreds of individual portraits of the dead are displayed along the dome. "Each time I’m in here, another one catches my eye," Shalev says, craning his neck. The binders in the Hall of Names represent just a fraction of the museum’s 100 million document archives, most of which never see a gallery wall. Despite the growing demand from museums around the world, Yad Vashem still often gets first pick of the artifacts offered up by Holocaust survivors. "They know that here it will be kept in a very professional manner for hundreds of years," says Shalev. They’d better; if his museum doesn’t keep pace with the times, there will always be another taker. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT
Avner Shalev tried to keep it real. The director of Jerusalem’s recently renovated Holocaust History Museum, Yad Vashem, never liked the Disneyland feel of some rival exhibitions. Walking a reporter through the galleries, he gestures toward the authentic relics of a historical tragedy: documents, diaries — even lampposts recovered from the Warsaw ghetto. Toward the end of the tour, Shalev approaches a large beige model of the crematorium at Birkenau, by Polish sculptor Mieczyslaw Stobierski. It’s powerful — but it also breaks Shalev’s own rule about including reproductions. "Auschwitz has one," he says with a shrug. "Washington also commissioned one. I thought we should have one." Not even history, it seems, is free from the invisible hand of competition.In recent years the world’s museums commemorating the Holocaust, which killed 6 million Jews, have sprung up all over the world. Paris recently renovated its Holocaust museum. Ukraine’s is under construction. The United States is now home to more than 100. Yad Vashem opened in 1957 — three years before the first televised presidential debate and decades before anyone had ever dreamed up a DVD. Now the museum has to compete for its guests’ attention with the alluring distractions of the media age. The curators have done their best, installing more than 100 flat-screen TVs playing video clips of survivor stories. Life-size black-and-white photographs of the murdered are projected on a wall. Today’s kids may be harder to keep engaged. But Shalev also attributes the boom in Holocaust memorials to their open minds. "They don’t have to play with these guilt feelings, and suppress, and put aside," he says.There is plenty in the new museum that cries out to be suppressed. One chilling exhibit commemorates the slaughter in Ponary, Lithuania, where over a period of four years more than 70,000 Jews were lined up and shot dead, their bodies tumbling into pits. The curators have carved a deep cavity in the museum floor to symbolize the mass graves, lit only by a frail shaft of sunlight.Not all the exhibits rely on new technology. Some of the most powerful stories are told through the timeless tools of good narrative. The new museum opens with a short video depicting Jewish life in Europe before the Nazi invasion — a collection of simple, carefree images.Trenches crisscross the central corridor, marking the turning points in the 12-year story and guiding visitors through the galleries. The centerpiece is a majestic dome known as the Hall of Names; binders of documents line the walls, and hundreds of individual portraits of the dead are displayed along the dome. "Each time I’m in here, another one catches my eye," Shalev says, craning his neck.The binders in the Hall of Names represent just a fraction of the museum’s 100 million document archives, most of which never see a gallery wall. Despite the growing demand from museums around the world, Yad Vashem still often gets first pick of the artifacts offered up by Holocaust survivors. "They know that here it will be kept in a very professional manner for hundreds of years," says Shalev. They’d better; if his museum doesn’t keep pace with the times, there will always be another taker. Yad Vashem has the priority to get the artifacts offered by the Holocaust survivors because（）.
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