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TEXT D Are you aware that you actually possess six senses The sixth is a muscular sense responsible for directing your muscles intelligently- to the exact extent necessary for each action you perform. For example, when you reach for an object, the sensory nerves linking the muscles to the brain stop your muscles in relation to the object is your muscular sense in action. Muscles are stringy bundles of fibers varying from one five-thousandth of an inch to about three inches. They have three unique characteristics: they can become shorter and thicker; they can stretch to their original position. Under a high-powered microscope, muscle tissue is seen as long, slender cells with a grainy texture like wood. More than half of a person’s body is composed of muscle fibers, most of which involuntary-in other words, work without conscious direction. The voluntary muscles, those that we move consciously to perform particular action, number more than five hundred. Women have only 60 to 70 percent as much muscle as men for their body mass. That is why an average woman can’t lift as much, throw as far, or hit as hard as an average man. According to the selection, more than half of a person’s body is composed of ______.
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TEXT C It might seem a long time off yet but we are steadily moving towards a Community Driving License which will be valid in all member countries of the EEC.(The target date is January 1, 1986.) Mr David Howell will soon be laying draft regulation before Parliament outlining the Government’s thinking. From the beginning of next year, anyone from an EEC country who comes here to live will be able to exchange his or her driving license for a British one-provided that apply within their first year of residence. The same provisions would apply to British people moving to other EEC countries. The regulations will not affect the present arrangement which enable visitors and new residents from other countries to drive here as ordinary license holders for up to a year on a foreign license. Mr Howell plans minimum standards for health and driving tests which, lie says, provide a satisfactory basis for the exchange of license. Applicants for British licenses will have to meet the same medical standards as British drivers. "We have taken special measures to safeguard standards as far as Heavy Good and Public Service Vehicles are concerned," said Mr Howell. "In addition to an appropriate license, applicants will have to supply proof of recent driving experience on suitable vehicles." Mr Howell is seeking the comments of motoring and transport organizations on his proposals. But he has turned his back on one of the EEC Directive’s plans for a photograph to be included in a common format of license. "We regard the inclusion of a photograph as incompatible with our concept of lifetime licensing and will not be using photographs in the UK license." Other changes affecting driving licenses are to start on October 1. From that date, anyone who takes out a provisional license or a first full license will pay a fee of ￡ 10 which will cover the conversion of the provisional to a full license after passing the driving test. A fee of ￡3 will be payable for a duplicate license and for an exchange license (when an additional group of licences was added). And they will run until the holder’s seventeenth birthday. According to the Department of Transport, the average new driver takes out a provisional license twice before qualifying for a full license, at a total cost of Cc 9 under the current scales. From October 1 also, provisional licenses to rise motor-bicycles (other than mopeds) will be limited to two years: anyone who has not passed both parts of the test within that period will have to wait one year before be can legally fide again. It is clear that would-be motorcyclists have to ______.
TEXT C It might seem a long time off yet but we are steadily moving towards a Community Driving License which will be valid in all member countries of the EEC.(The target date is January 1, 1986.) Mr David Howell will soon be laying draft regulation before Parliament outlining the Government’s thinking. From the beginning of next year, anyone from an EEC country who comes here to live will be able to exchange his or her driving license for a British one-provided that apply within their first year of residence. The same provisions would apply to British people moving to other EEC countries. The regulations will not affect the present arrangement which enable visitors and new residents from other countries to drive here as ordinary license holders for up to a year on a foreign license. Mr Howell plans minimum standards for health and driving tests which, lie says, provide a satisfactory basis for the exchange of license. Applicants for British licenses will have to meet the same medical standards as British drivers. "We have taken special measures to safeguard standards as far as Heavy Good and Public Service Vehicles are concerned," said Mr Howell. "In addition to an appropriate license, applicants will have to supply proof of recent driving experience on suitable vehicles." Mr Howell is seeking the comments of motoring and transport organizations on his proposals. But he has turned his back on one of the EEC Directive’s plans for a photograph to be included in a common format of license. "We regard the inclusion of a photograph as incompatible with our concept of lifetime licensing and will not be using photographs in the UK license." Other changes affecting driving licenses are to start on October 1. From that date, anyone who takes out a provisional license or a first full license will pay a fee of ￡ 10 which will cover the conversion of the provisional to a full license after passing the driving test. A fee of ￡3 will be payable for a duplicate license and for an exchange license (when an additional group of licences was added). And they will run until the holder’s seventeenth birthday. According to the Department of Transport, the average new driver takes out a provisional license twice before qualifying for a full license, at a total cost of Cc 9 under the current scales. From October 1 also, provisional licenses to rise motor-bicycles (other than mopeds) will be limited to two years: anyone who has not passed both parts of the test within that period will have to wait one year before be can legally fide again. Under the new scheme an EEC driver wanting to live and drive a bus/lorry in Britain would have to prove he/she ______.
Most young people enjoy some form of physical activity. It may be walking, cycling, or swimming, or in winter, skating or skiing. It may be a game of some (26) --football, hockey, golf or tennis. It may be mountaineering. Those who have a passion (27) climbing high and difficult mountains are often (28) with astonishment.Why are men and women willing to (29) cold and hardship, and to take risks on high mountains This astonishment is caused, however, by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity (30) men give their leisure. Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There are no man-made rules, (31) there are for such games as golf and football. There are, (32) , rules of a different kind which would be dangerous to (33) , but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering (34) to many people. Those who climb mountains are (35) to use their own methods. If we compare mountaineering and other more (36) sports,we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a ’team game’. We should be mistaken (37) this. There are, it is true, no ’matches’ between ’teams’ of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face (38) by a rope on which their lives may depend, there is (39) team work. The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man. He has to fight the forces of (40) . His sport requires high mental and physical qualities.
Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage, At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the passage. Around what time did the university begin to appear
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