题目内容
Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music and Why we should, Like, Cure, John Mcwhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, see the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English. Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education. Mr. Mcwhorter"s an academic specialty is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of "whom" , for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss the case-endings of Old English. But the cult of the authentic and the personal, "doing our own thing," has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960"s even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English,talkingis triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft. Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. Mcwhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should, like, care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive—there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper. Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers. Mr. Mcwhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical educational reforms—he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English "on paper plates instead of china". A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one. The description of Russians" love of memorizing poetry shows the author"s______.
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Chris Hrapko isn"t afraid of tough conversations. As the founder of a nonprofit social-service agency, she battles bureaucracies on behalf of the homeless and the working poor. But there is one conversation Hrapko avoided. When her 92-year-old mother fell and broke her hip earlier this year, Hrapko knew it would affect her independent mother"s living arrangements and health. But Hrapko, 51, was clueless about her mom"s wishes. "We talked about a lot of things," she says, "but we never talked about a future in which my mom faced a problem that could leave her disabled, bedridden or on life support. " A recent survey by AARP found that nearly 70 percent of adult children have not talked to their parents about issues related to aging. Some children avoid this most intimate of conversations because they believe their parents don"t want to talk. Others think they know what their parents want. And some simply don"t want to face the very real truth that if you are lucky enough to have parents who live well into their senior years, chances are good that disease, injury, frailty, even loneliness, will affect a parent"s well-being. While it"s clear that having a conversation with aging parents is important, there is no blueprint on how to do it well. What works for one family may not work for yours. The key is to be flexible, says Mary Anne Ehlert, founder of Chicago-based Protected Tomorrows, an advocacy firm for families with special needs. She has found that one of the best ways to get the conversational ball rolling is to talk about your parents" and what they would do if faced with a situation in which people they loved could no longer care for themselves. " Ask your parents for advice; seek their wisdom in helping you help them," Ehlert says. It"s also important for adults to be honest about what they are prepared to do for their parents. As parents age and become frail, many will need help with personal hygiene. It"s these kinds of issues that can make the most devoted child balk. "Before you agree to be a caregiver, make sure you understand what you may be in for," says Monika White, president-elect of the National Association of Professional Geriatric Care Managers. " Adult children need to acknowledge their own limitations and then be prepared to make some type of arrangement for the things they simply can"t do. " Realize that there is no such thing as one conversation about aging. " No one resolves the future in one afternoon of talk," says psychologist Brian Carpenter of Washington University in St. Louis. "It"s a process. " One strategy is to schedule time to talk about a specific subject, such as wills or living arrangements. Which of the following is true of the text
地点和时间、人物一样，是人类社会历史存在和发展的必不可少的要素，是历史演出舞台。不讲清楚历史发生发展的地点，形成历史空间概念，就无法形成正确的、完整的历史知识。作为一名历史老师，请举例说明，如何讲述地理环境对历史的影响。
A______smile that in the next minute turned into an embarrassed blush.
She was a very ______ social scientist. She proved that apart from self-love, there were other basic human instincts.(observe)
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